Acknowledgements
Introduction
PART I. SETTING THE SCENE: WHAT IS QUANTIFIED AND WHY?
1. Basic Terms. What do People Quantify?
2. Why do People Quantify Language? The Teaching/Therapy Reason
3. Why do People Quantify Language? The Research Reason
PART II. DATA GATHERING FOR QUANTIFICATION: KINDS OF INSTRUMENT AND TECHNIQUE
4. Overview of Four General Kinds of Approach to Data Gathering for Quantification
5. Data for Quantification: Fully Naturalistic
6. Data for Quantification: Quasi-naturalistic Interaction
7. Data for Quantification: Opinion
8. Data for Quantification: Manipulation
9. Maximising Naturalness in the Data-gathering Phase of Language Quantification
10. The 'Referencing' Dimension of Quantification
PART III. DATA ANALYSIS IN QUANTIFICATION: SCORING, COUNTING AND SCALE TYPES
11. Overview of Scale Types: Simple Sources of Interval Scales
12. Scoring on Interval Scales: Counts of Various Sorts
13. Scoring on Interval Scales: Totals from Uniform Sets of Dichotomous Items
14. Scoring on Interval Scales: Scores Involving Rating and Weighting
15. Scoring on Interval Scales: Combined Scores of Various Sorts
16. Individual Rank Ordering
17. Ranking in Ordered Categories
18. Nominal Categorisation
PART IV. GOOD AND BAD QUANTIFICATION
19. Overview of Quality Issues and Reliability. Measurer as Source of Unreliability
20. Cases, Circumstances and the Measuring Instrument Itself as Sources of Unreliability
21. Overview of Validity: Measurer, Cases etc. as Sources of Invalidity
22. Specification of the Nature of a Variable and its Operationalisation as a Source of Invalidity
23. Indicators as a Source of Invalidity
Conclusion