First published in 1982, The Making of Modern British Politics is a general analysis of the process of change in British political history between the 1860s and the outbreak of the Second World War. Martin Pugh concentrates on the problems of interpretation and analysis raised by recent work in the field. He shows how politics gradually came to revolve less around the moral-political issues of the Victorian era and more around the economic and social role of the state during the 20th century. He considers the eventual decline of the Victorian Liberal Party, the explanations for the rise of Labour and the reasons for the capacity of the Conservatives to survive in changing circumstances. Extensively revised, the book reflects the findings of recent research on, among other things, the role of religion in late Victorian politics, the importance of taxation in party loyalties, the Edwardian electorate and the franchise reforms of 1918, the role of women as parliamentary voters, and the debate over the extent to which state social welfare was popular amongst the working class.