5. 2 Early history of the study of glucose metabolism 101 5. 3 The Embden-Meyerhof pathway 104 5. 4 Biological significance of the glycolytic pathway 107 5. 5 Glycogen and other polysaccharides 110 5. 6 Other monosaccharides 115 5. 7 The pentose phosphate pathway 116 5. 8 Overview 122 Answers to exercises 123 Questions 123 6 Lipids: breakdown of fatty acids; brown fat; ruminant metabolism 125 6. 1 Introduction 125 6. 2 Triacylglycerols as energy reserves 125 6. 3 Oxidation of fatty acids 126 6. 4 Thermogenesis 129 6. 5 Ruminant metabolism 133 6. 6 Overview 137 Answers to exercises 137 Questions 138 7 Amino acid catabolism 139 7. 1 Introduction 139 7. 2 Protein degradation 139 7. 3 Removal of nitrogen from amino acids 141 7. 4 Essential amino acids 144 7. 5 Carbon chain catabolism 146 7. 6 Interconversion of amino acids and transamination 150 7. 7 Pathways for nitrogen excretion 155 7. 8 Biosynthesis of urea 156 7. 9 Overview 160 Answers to exercises 160 Questions 160 Answers to questions 162 Glossary 167 Index 169 vi Contents / / '--------------' Editors' Foreword This book is one of a series of brief fundamental** texts for junior undergraduates and diploma students in biological science. The series, Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, covers the whole of modem biochemistry, integrating animal, plant and microbial topics.