Reader's Guide to Identification of Insects and Related PestsIntroductionThe Book and Its UsePest ControlPest ldentification and Problem DiagnosisNatural HistoryInsects That Feed on ConifersSawfly Defoliators, Bud Miners, and Shoot BorersWebspinnlng Sawflies, Pine Webworm, Pine False WebwormMoth and Butterfly Defoliators of ConifersSpruce Bud Moth and Spruce BudwormsJuniper WebwormSpruce Needleminers,Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Silverspotted Tiger MothLarch CasebearerNeedle Miners and WebbersCypress TIP Miners and Arborvitae Leaf MinersNeedle and Twig MidgesPine Tube MothPine Tip or Shoot MothsPine shoot BorersConifer Twig WeevilsTrunk and Root Collar WeevilsPine Needle Weevils and Juniper Twig GirdlerCypress Bark Moth and Douglas-fir Twig WeevilConifer Bark BeetlesEastern Pine Bark and Shoot BeetlesWestern Conifer Bark BeetlesCedar Bark BeetlesCypress Bark BeetlesBalsam Woolly AdelgidAdelgids of Pine and SpruceAdelgids of Larch, Spruce, and HemlockBalsam Twig AphidCinara Aphids and Other Aphids of ConifersConifer SpittlebugsMeaIybugs of Yew and Pine, and the Woolly Pine ScaleGolden MealybugMatsucoccus ScalesIrregular Pine Scale and Monterey Pine ScalePine Tortoise Scale, Spruce Bud Scale, and Virginia Pine ScaleFletcher ScaleBlack Pineleaf ScaleHemlock ScaleElongate Hemlock ScaleJuniper ScalePine Needle ScaleArmored Scales of ConifersCooley Spruce Gall AdelgidEastern Spruce Gall AdelgidConifer Gall MidgesSpider Mites of ConifersEriophyid Mites of ConifersInsects That Feed on Broad-leaved Trees and ShrubsDogwood SawflyMountain-ash Sawfly and Dusky Birch SawflySlug SawfliesRose SawfliesSawfliesGypsy MothCankerwormsLoopersCalifornia OakwormFruitworms and Other CaterpillarsWalnut CaterpillarNymphalid CaterpillarsNotodontid CaterpillarsTussock Moth CaterpillarsSubtropical CaterpillarsArmed CaterpillarsWebwormsEastern Tent Caterpillar and Forest Tent CaterpillarWestern Tent CaterpillarsUglynest Caterpillar, Oak Webworm, Rollers, and TiersEuonymus CaterpillarBagwormsMimosa WebwormA Bougainvillea CaterpillarBirch Leaf-mining SawfliesSawfly Leaf Miners and Case BearersLeaf-mining BeetlesOak Leaf MinersBlotch and Serpentine Leaf MinersCherry Leaf Miner and Cambium MinersMaple Petiole Borer, and Shoot and Twig BorersAzalea Leaf MinersBoxwood LeafminerLeaf-mining Maggots and Holly BudmothMadrone Shield Bearer and Other Shield BearersYellow Poplar WeevilMaple and Other Trumpet Skeletonizers, and Maple Leaf-cutterLeaf Rollers, Tiers, and WebbersSkeletonizers of Oak, Birch, and AppleElm Leaf BeetlesLeaf BeetlesCottonwood Leaf Beetles and Related SpeciesImported Willow Leaf Beetle and Flea BeetlesFuller Rose BeetleSeagrape Borer and a Seagrape Gall MidgeWalnut and Hickory InsectsJapanese Beetle, European Chafer, and Rose ChaferBaccharis Leaf Beetle and Rose CurculioWeevils and Other Root-feeding BeetlesVectors of Elm DiseasesElm Bark BeetlesShothole Borer and Other Bark BeetlesAmerican Plum BorerWood-boring CaterpillarsLilac Borer and Banded Ash ClearwingDogwood BorersTwig Pruners and Twig GirdlersOak Twig GirdlerPoplar-and-Willow BorerFlatheaded BorersBronze Birch BorerLocust BorersRoundheaded BorersRoot-feeding BeetlesTrunk BorersWood-boring BeetlesShoot and Twig BorersAcacia PsyllidPsyllidsTuliptree Aphid and Other Foliage-feeding AphidsCalifornia Laurel Aphid and Podocarpus AphidAphids of Beech, Birch, and AppleSpirea Aphid and Aphids of ManzanitaSnowball Aphid and Other Foliage-feeding AphidsBlack Citrus Aphid and Other Foliage-feeding AphidsWoolly AphidsLeaf and Stem AphidsAphids of Oleander and BambooLeaf, Shoot, and Twig AphidsWoolly Root and Twig AphidsWhiteflies of Rhododendron and AzaleaGreenhouse Whitefly and RelativesMealybugs and WhitefiiesComstock MealybugSubtropical MealybugsNoxious Bamboo MealybugBeech Scale and Cypress Bark MealybugSycamore ScaleAzalea Bark ScaleCottony Cushion ScaleCottony Maple ScaleCottony Scales and MealybugsCottony Camellia ScaleCottony ScalesPit-making Pittosporum ScaleBamboo ScalePit-making Scales of Oak and HollyMagnolia Scale, Calico Scale, and Frosted ScaleWax ScalesBlack ScaleNigra Scale and Hemispherical ScaleTuliptree ScaleLecanium Scales and Kermes ScalesRose Scale and Globose ScaleEuropean Elm Scale and Other Bark-feeding ScalesOystershell Scale and Camellia ScaleGreedy Scale and Peony ScaleOleander ScalesSubtropical Armored ScalesDictyospermum Scale and Gall-forming Armored ScalesObscure Scale and Gloomy ScaleSan Jose Scale and Walnut ScaleEuonymus ScalesArmored Snow Scales,White Peach Scale and White Prunicola ScaleFiorinia ScalesFourlined Plant Bug and Lygocoris Plant BugsTarnished Plant Bug and Boxelder Plant BusPlant Bugs and a Beetle Affecting SycamoreAsh Plant BugsPlant Bugs, Leafhoppers, and a Treehopper of HoneylocustTreehoppersThornbug and RelativesTwomarked TreehopperRose LeafhopperPotato Leafhopper and Whitebanded Elm LeafhopperFoliage Injury by LeafhoppersRedbanded Leafhopper and Other Sharpshooter LeafhoppersSpittlebugs on AngiospermsPlanthoppers and Plant BugsLace Bugs of Broad-leaved Evergreens and SagesLace Bugs of Deciduous PlantsGreenhouse ThripsThripsDogwood Club GallBud, Shoot, and Stem GallsOak Leaf and Twig GallsAphid and Psyllid GallsHackberry GallsYaupon Psyllid GallPsyllid Gall of PerseaLaurel, Eugenia, Ceanothus, and Pepper Tree PsyllidsPetiole and Leaf Stipule GallsEyespot GallsLeaf Galls of Ash and ElmHoneylocust Pod GailMidge and Sawfly Galls of Poplar and WillowRhododendron Gall Midge, Rose Midge, and Other Gall MidgesSpider Mites, False Spider Mites, and Tarsonemid MitesBud and Rust MitesEriophyid Gall MakersKatydids, Grasshoppers, and Periodical CicadasCrickets and WalkingstickWasps and Bees as Plant PestsAntsSlugs and SnailsBirds and Small Mammals That Injure TreesSources of Information on Pests and Pest ControlLand-Grant Institutions and Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United StatesUS. Department of Agriculture, Forest Pest Control OfficesRegional Pest Control Information in CanadaGlossaryReferencesIndex of Insects, Mites, and Other AnimalsIndex to Insects by Host Plants
