Preface 1. An Introduction to Family and Child Services The Changing American Family Problems of Children and Young Persons Being Poor Means Being at Risk Alienation, Violence, and Substance Abuse Children of Vulnerable Families Rights and Responsibilities Rights and Responsibilities of Children Rights and Responsibilities of Parents Rights and Responsibilities of Society Historical Highlights of Services to Families and Children Indenture and "Outdoor Relief" Children's Institutions and the Growth of Voluntary Agencies State Boards of Charities Federal Government Involvement Growth of Federal Programs Public Policies for Families and Children Family Policy Child and Family Services Principles of Child and Family Services Classification of Services Pyramid of Services Race and Ethnicity in Child Welfare The Organization of Services Public Child Welfare Services Voluntary Family and Child Agencies Proprietary Child Welfare Services Interagency Partnerships Program Example: System of Care Trends and Issues Child Welfare in a Global Context The Increasing Complexity of Child Welfare Practice Disaster Planning Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References 2. Government Programs to Support Families and Children CASE EXAMPLE: WELFARE REFORM CREATES HARD CHOICES FOR MOTHERS FAMILY INCOME SECURITY NATURE OF POVERTY AMONG CHILDREN Extent Factors Contributing to Poverty PUBLIC ASSISTANCE: TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES Background of the TANF Program Provisions of TANF WORK AND FAMILY SUPPORTS SCHIP and Medicaid Food Programs Earned Income Tax Credit Child Support Enforcement Social Insurance Supplemental Security Income ASSESSMENT OF WELFARE REFORM SUPPORTING FAMILIES WITH DAY CARE AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS Federal Legislation The Family and Medical Leave Act Day Care Regulation Working Parents' Child Care Arrangements Head Start Does Head Start Have Lasting Effects? Policy Issues in Child Care: Availability, Cost, and Quality MEASURING THE WELL-BEING OF AMERICA'S CHILDREN TRENDS AND ISSUES Income Supports for Immigrant Families Welfare Reform: Challenging Population CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR STUDY AND DISCUSSION Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites REFERENCES 3. Services to Prevent Maltreatment and Support Families Case Example: Reaching Out to a Family at Risk for Child Maltreatment Need for Preventive and Family Support Services The Many Faces of Family Life Single-Parent Families Families with Lesbian or Gay Parents Early Childbearing and the Family Culturally Diverse Families Immigrant Families African American Families Hispanic/Latino Families Native American Families Framework for Preventive and Family Support Services Attributes of Preventive Services Levels of Preventive Services Attachment Theory Social Learning Theory Risk and Protective Factors in Child Abuse and Neglect An Ecological Model: Prevention of Maltreatment of Children with Disabilities Family Support Services Home Visiting: Hawaii's Healthy Start Program Family Support Programs for Teen Parents Special Services for Pregnant and Parenting Teens Family Support Programs in Economically Deprived Communities Assessment of Family Support Programs Social Work Roles in Family Support Other Approaches to Strengthening Families Prevention Programs for Children and Adolescents Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Programs Community Approaches Multiservice Centers for Chinese Immigrant Families Interagency Cooperation to Prevent Child Maltreatment Community Awareness Campaigns Fatherhood Programs Trends and Issues Controversy over Corporal Punishment Child Maltreatment Prevention and the Schools Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References 4: Child Welfare Principles and Practice Case Example: The Jones Family Experiences the Child Welfare System Introduction Nature and Use of Authority Fundamental Principles of Child Welfare Practice Child Safety, Well-being and Permanency Child Focused, Family-centered Practice The Casework Process What is Casework? Fundamentals of the Casework Process Basic Tasks in Child Welfare Practice Information Gathering Assessment Service Planning and Service Delivery Case Record Documentation Crisis Intervention and Stabilization Services Trends and Issues Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References 5. Law and Procedure: Court Intervention with Children, Youth, and Families Introduction The Juvenile Court Movement Philosophy and Purpose Founding The Early Question of Constitutionality Supreme Court Decisions: New Procedural Directions The Family Court Movement The Criminal Court Movement The Structure of the Legal System Trial and Appellate Courts Jurisdiction Evidence Standards of Proof Indian Child Welfare Act: An Example of Federal Law Superseding State Law Legal Matters in the Child Welfare System Abuse, Neglect, Abandonment, or Dependency Juvenile Delinquency Status Offenses Adoption Guardianship Paternity Establishment, Support, and Visitation Child Custody, Support, and Visitation Court Procedures Processing the Abuse/Neglect or Delinquency Case in Juvenile or Family Court How a Juvenile Offender Comes before the Criminal Court Processing a Juvenile Offender in Criminal Court The Role of the Caseworker in the Court Process Critical Elements in Forensic Interviewing Case Record Documentation Example: Case Documentation Example: Court Report Testifying Working with Other Professionals Trends and Issues Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References 6: Protecting Children from Abuse and Neglect Case Example: A Protective Services Investigation Incidence Aims and Special Attributes of Child Protective Services Historical Development of Protective Services Early Attitudes toward the Treatment of Children Beginnings of Care for Neglected Children Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children Who Should Do Protective Work? The Rediscovery of Child Abuse: The Battered Child Syndrome The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act Shifting Priorities: Child Safety and Family Preservation The Definitional Dilemma Dimensions of Child Maltreatment Cultural Attitudes Reporting Child Maltreatment Problems with the Reporting Law Filing a Report An Ecological View of Child Maltreatment Social/Environmental Risk Factors Parental Characteristics Child Characteristics Types of Child Maltreatment Child Neglect Types of Neglect Child Abuse Psychological Maltreatment Sexual Abuse of Children Consequences of Child Maltreatment Child Fatalities The Resilient Child The Practice of Child Protection Core Services of Child Protective Services Decision Making in Child Protective Services Assessing Risk and Safety Protecting Children at Home or in Foster Care Aspects of Community Support and Influence Multidisciplinary Teams Advocacy Organizations Trends and Issues Child Protective Services in a Comprehensive System Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References 7. Family Preservation Services Case Example: Using Intensive Family-Based Services to Prevent Placement Controversy Concerning Family Preservation Philosophy and Services Characteristics of Family Preservation Services Principles of Family Preservation Services Theoretical Base Programs that Prevent Placement and Preserve Families The Homebuilders Model Other Models Family Preservation and Domestic Violence Family Preservation and Children's Mental Health Needs Family Preservation for Substance-Affected Families The Practice of Family-Based Services Case Study: Protecting Children from Sexual Abuse and Domestic Violence in a Rural Setting Culturally Competent Family Preservation Services Other Approaches that Help High-Risk Families Treating Loneliness Help with Reality Problems Evaluation of Family Preservation Programs Kinship Care as Family Preservation The Cultural Tradition of Kinship Care among American Indian Families The Cultural Tradition of Kinship Care among African American Families Family Group Decision Making Case Study of Mental Health Consumers Policy and Program Issues in Kinship Care Trends and Issues Assessment of Family Functioning Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References 8. Foster Care: History, Laws, Policies, and Structure Introduction Why Children Are Placed in Care Family Characteristics Characteristics of Children in Care Age, Ethnicity, and Other Variables Basic Characteristics of Foster Care Underlying Principles Historical Development Indenture, Almshouses, and Institutions Orphan Trains and Free Foster Homes The White House Conference on Children Child Welfare Reforms in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries Family Foster Care, A Response to Institutional Care The Permanency Planning Movement Family Preservation Family Continuity and Kinship/Relative Care Safety, Well-being, and Permanency Residential Care - Renewed Interest Federal Role in Child Welfare Title IV of the Social Security Act The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 The Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 as Amended by the Interethnic Placement Provisions of 1996 The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 The Safe and Timely Interstate Placement of Foster Children Act of 2006 The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 The Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006 The Child and Family Services Review Process State Role in Child Welfare Policy Framework Funding Framework Service Delivery Framework Foster Care Placement Options Kinship/Relative Foster Care Policy and Program Issues in Kinship Care Nonrelated Family Foster Care Types of Family Foster Homes Specialized and Treatment Foster Care Shared Family Care Residential Group Care Agency Group Homes Independent Living Services Professional Issues in Foster Care Staff Education, Training and Supervision Conflicts in Providing Services to Children and Parents Facilitating Effective Teamwork Resource Availability Foster Parent and Relative Caregiver Training and Monitoring Protecting Children and Youth in Out-of-Home Care Media or Advocacy Group Involvement Monitoring and Oversight Trends and Issues Privatization and Managed Care Minority Overrepresentation Subsidized Guardianship Paternal Relatives as Placement Options Class Action Litigation Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References Chapter 9: Foster Care Practice and Issues Introduction Standards for Decision Making Concurrent Planning Case Example: Concurrent Planning What is Concurrent Planning? Concurrent Planning Practice Working with the Placement Process Parental Involvement Selecting the Placement Type Child Assessment and Initial Placement Selection Team Decision Making Information Sharing Engaging the Children, Parents, Natural Helpers, and Service Providers Working with Parents Addressing Parental Conditions and Behaviors Family Centered Practice for Family Reunification Parent-Child Visiting Engaging the Parent in the Child's Care during Foster Care Parent-Agency Service Agreement Case Review Case Example: Family Reunification Post Reunification Services Reentry into Foster Care Termination of Parental Rights Other Permanency Options Long-term Relative Care Legal or Subsidized Guardianship Another Planned Permanent Living Arrangement Emancipation Meeting the Needs of Children in Foster Care Relationships Count: Attachment and Separation Safety Child Well-being Education Physical Health Mental Health Permanency Children Requiring Therapeutic Interventions Children Requiring Intensive Casework Services Sibling Groups Older Children and Adolescents Children Re-entering Foster Care Children in the System as Legal Orphans Gay and Lesbian Youth Preparing Youth for Independent Living and Aging Out Supervision in Foster Care What Do We Mean by Competent and Committed? Techniques for Nurturing and Growing Staff Planned Meetings Trends and Issues Role of Youth in Foster Care Children who AWOL Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References and Other Resources 10. Families by Adoption Case Example: Helping an Older Child Use Adoption The Changing World of Adoption Historical Development Early Adoption Practices in the United States Infant Adoptions Adoption Today: Adoption of Children from the Child Welfare System Adoption Today: The Cooperative Adoption Movement Some Adoption Facts and Patterns Agency and Independent Placements Underlying Principles of the Agency Adoptive Process The Experience of Adoption The Birth Parents The Child The Adoptive Family The Legal Framework for Adoption Parental Consent or Termination of Parental Rights Serving the Child's Best Interests Confidentiality Postadoption Services The Jenkins Siblings: An Example of Postadoption Services Dynamics in Adoptive Family Development Survival Behaviors or Coping Strategies Adoption Disruption and Dissolution Searches and Reunions Adoption of Children from the Public Child Welfare System Children Who Wait Overcoming Barriers to Timely Adoption Adoption Subsidies Adoption Resource Exchanges Kinship Adoption Adoption of Children of Color African American Children Native American Children Hispanic/Latino Children Strengthening Transracial Placements Intercountry Adoptions Trends and Issues Gay/Lesbian Adoptive Parents Open Adoption: Continuing Contact after Adoption Adoption of Older Children and Adolescents Paternal Relative Adoptions: Sibling Splits Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References 11. Juvenile Delinquents: The Community's Dilemma Case Example Juvenile Offender Categories Scope of the Problem Historical Development of Juvenile Delinquency Services From Adult Criminal Court to Juvenile Court Federal Government Leadership Back to the Criminal Court Risk Factors for Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Intervention Strategies Prevention and Intervention with Status Offenders Prevention and Early Intervention with Nonchronic Offenders Intervention with Chronic or Serious Juvenile Offenders The Female Juvenile Offender Trends and Issues Overrepresentation of Minorities Alternatives to the Use of Secure Detention Community Readiness to Support Alternative Programs Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Study and Discussion Questions Internet Sites References 12. Professional Responsibilities: Ethics and Advocacy Case Example: Balancing Client Advocacy and Ethical Requirements Case Commentary Professional Responsibility National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics Professional Malpractice and Liability Confidentiality and Privileges Working with Other Professionals Self-care: Preventing Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, or Vicarious Traumatization Special Issues in Child Welfare Practice Treatment in a Managed Care Environment Duty to Warn and Report Forensic Social Work Practice Testifying in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings Child Advocacy Responsibility for Advancing Social and Economic Justice Advocacy in the Local and Global Context What is Advocacy? Case, Class, and Policy Advocacy Components of Child Advocacy Case Example: Using Different Advocacy Strategies and Skills Trends and Issues Chapter Summary For Study and Discussion Internet Sites References
