Biotechnology is in many respects shaping our life and affecting our means of production and the creation of jobs. Progress in the applications of biotechnology depends on a wide base of basic as well as applied sciences. The output of biotechnology has already proved itself in many diverse fields from health to biomining and from agriculture to enzyme breeding. It is therefore difficult to follow all of the current as well as the potential applications of biotechnology.The objective of the Biotechnology Annual Review series is to attempt to provide readers with the needed indepth knowledge, by reviewing specific topics in biotechnology in each issue. The philosophy behind this series is to encourage good reviews to make it easier for readers to keep in touch with progress and applications of biotechnology. Reviews on topics related to regulatory affairs, social impact of biotechnology, biodiversity, biosafety, public acceptance and patent issues are also encouraged.Drafts of the human genome were published in Science and Nature magazines, last year. The human genome as well as the other completed genomes can now be searched using different databases.The exponential increase of the sequence data lead to the development of the new Bioinformatics field in order to attempt making sense, at least biological sense, out of all the new and fast data.It will take also other techniques such as functional genomics to link the gap between a specific phenotype or a treatment and a gene sequence. Functional genomics tools are therefore important for the accurate molecular diagnosis/prognosis, target discovery and validation needed for drug development and novel targets for antibiotics development. Functional Genomics are also important for the confirmation of therapy in pharmacogenomics studies. Applications of functional genomics techniques are equally important for progress in biotechnology applications of plants, animals and other organisms.