Table of Contents
- Preface
- To the Student
- Using This Laboratory Manual
- Working Safely in the Laboratory
- Commitment to Safety in the Laboratory
- A Visual Guide to Laboratory Equipment
- Graphing Experimental Data
- Using the Laboratory Burner
- Using a Pipet
1 Measurement and Significant Figures
- Measuring Length
- Measuring Volume
- Measuring Mass
2 Conversion Factors and Problem Solving
- Rounding Off
- Significant Figures in Calculations
- Equalities and Conversion Factors
- Problem Solving Using Conversion Factors
3 Density and Specific Gravity
- Density of a Liquid
- Specific Gravity
- Density of a Solid
- Graphing Mass and Volume
4 Temperature and Specific Heat
- Temperature
- Specific Heat of a Metal
- Energy and Nutrition
- Energy Values for Foods
5 Energy and Matter
- A Heating Curve for Water
- Graphing a Cooling Curve for Salol
- Energy in Changes of State: Heat of Fusion
6 Atoms and Elements
- Elements and Symbols
- The Periodic Table
- The Atoms
- Isotopes and Atomic Mass
7 Electronic Configuration and Periodic Properties
- Flame Tests
- Electron Configurations
- Atomic Radius
8 Nuclear Chemistry
- Nuclear Equations
- Radiation Measurement
- Radiation Levels from Radioactive Sources
- Effect of Shielding on Radiation Level
- Effect of Time on Radiation Level
- Effect of Distance on Radiation Level
9 Compounds and Their Bonds
- Ions: Transfer of Electrons
- Ionic Compounds and Formulas
- Metals in Ionic Compounds with Variable Charge
- Polyatomic Ions
- Molecular Compounds
- Electron-Dot Formulas and Molecular Shape
10 Chemical Reactions and Equations
- Magnesium and Oxygen
- Zinc and Copper (II) Sulfate
- Reactions of Metals and HCl
- Reactions of Ionic Compounds
- Sodium Carbonate and HCl
- Hydrogen Perioxide
11 Moles and Chemical Formulas
- Finding the Simplest Formula
- Formula of a Hydrate
12 Gas Laws
- Boyle's Law
- Charles's Law
13 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
- Partial Pressures of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Air
- Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
- Carbon Dioxide in the Expired Air
14 Solutions, Electrolytes, and Concentration
- Polarity of Solutes and Solvents
- Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
- Electrolytes in Body Fluids
- Concentration of a Sodium Chloride Solution
15 Soluble and Insoluble Salts
- Soluble and Insoluble Salts
- Solubility of KNO3
- Testing the hardness of Water
- Purification of Water
16 Testing for Cations and Anions
- Flames Tests for K+ , Ca2+ , and Na+ Ions
- Tests for Ammonium Ion, NH4+ , and Iron(III) Ion, Fe3+
- Tests for Negative Ions (Anions)
- Writing the Formula of Your Unknown Salt
- Testing Consumer Products for Some Cations and Anions
17 Properties of Solutions
- Identification Tests
- Osmosis and Dialysis
- Filtration
18 Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium
- Factors That Affect the Rate of a Reaction
- Chemical Equilibrium: Reversible Reactions
- Changing Equilibrium Conditions: Le Chatelier's Principle
19 Acids, Bases, pH and Buffers
- Reference Colors for pH Using Red Cabbage Indicator
- Measuring pH
- Effect of Buffers on pH
20 Acid-Base Titration
- Acetic Acid in Vinegar
- Titration of an Antacid
21 Organic Compounds: Alkanes
- Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Compounds
- Alkanes
- Functional Groups
22 Reactions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Types of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Addition Reaction: Bromine Test
- Oxidation: Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4 ) Test
- Identification of Unknown
23 Alcohols and Phenols
- Structures of Alcohols and Phenol
- Properties of Alcohols and Phenol
- Oxidation of Alcohols
- Ferric Chloride Test
- Identification of Unknown
24 Aldehydes and Ketones
- Structures of Some Aldehydes and Ketones
- Odor of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Solubility, Iodoform Test, and Benedict's
25 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
- Carboxylic Acids and Their Salts
- Esters
- Saponificiation
26 Aspirin and Other Analgesics
- Preparation of Aspirin
- Testing Aspirin Products
- Analysis of Analgesics
27 Amines and Amides
- Structure, Classification, and Solubility of Amines
- Neutralization of Amines with Acid
- Amides
- Hydrolysis of an Amide
28 Synthesis of Acetaminophen
- Synthesis of Acetaminophen
29 Types of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
30 Tests for Carbohydrates
- Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars
- Seliwanoff's Test for Ketoses
- Fermentation Test
- Iodine Test for Polysaccharides
- Hydrolysis of Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
- Testing Foods for Carbohydrates
31 Lipids
- Physical Properties of Lipids and Fatty Acids
- Triacylglycerols
- Bromine Test for Unsaturation
- Preparation of Hand Lotion
32 Saponification and Soaps
- Saponification: Preparation of Soap
- Properties of Soap and Detergents
33 Amino Acids
- Amino Acids
- Chromatography of Amino Acids
34 Peptides and Proteins
- Peptides
- Proteins
- Denaturation of Proteins
- Isolation of Casein (Milk Protein)
- Color Tests for Proteins
35 Enzymes
- Effect of Enzyme Concentration
- Effect of Temperature
- Effect of pH
- Inhibition of Enzyme Activity