IntroductionPart I. The Early Antecedents of Landscape EcologyIntroduction and Review1. L. S. Berg (1915): The Objectives and Tasks of Geography2. N. A. Solnetsev (1948): The Natural Geographic Landscape and Some of Its General Rules3. C. S. Christian (1958): The Concept of Land Units and Land Systems4. C. O. Sauer (1925): The Morphology of Landscape5. C. Troll (1950): The Geographic Landscape and Its Investigation6. A. S. Watt (1947): Pattern and Process in the Plant CommunityPart II. The Causes and Consequences of Spatial PatternIntroduction and Review7. J. T. Curtis (1956): The Modifi cation of Mid-Latitude Grasslands and Forests by Man8. H. E. Wright, Jr. (1974): Landscape Development, Forest Fires, and Wilderness Management9. S. A. Levin and R. T. Paine (1974): Disturbance, Patch Formation, and Community Structure10. R. Levins (1969): Some Demographic and Genetic Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity for Biological Control11. J. A. Wiens (1976): Population Responses to Patchy Environments12. S. T. A. Pickett and J. N. Thompson (1978): Patch Dynamics and the Design of Nature Reserves13. F. H. Bormann, G. E. Likens, D. W. Fisher, and R. S. Pierce (1968): Nutrient Loss Accelerated by Clear-Cutting of a Forest EcosystemPart III. The Emergence of Multiple Concepts of What Landscape Ecology Is AboutIntroduction and Review14. E. Neef (1967): The Theoretical Foundations of Landscape Study (Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Landschaftslehre)15. R. T. T. Forman and M. Godron (1981): Patches and Structural Components for a Landscape Ecology16. P. G. Risser, J. R. Karr, and R. T. T. Forman (1983): Landscape Ecology: Directions and Approaches17. D. L. Urban, R. V. O'Neill, and H. H. Shugart, Jr. (1987): Landscape Ecology: A Hierarchical Perspective Can Help Scientists Understand Spatial PatternsZ. Naveh (1988): Biocybernetic Perspectives of Landscape Ecology and ManagementPart IV. The Central Role of ScaleIntroduction and Review19. J. A. Wiens (1989): Spatial Scaling in Ecology20. J. F. Addicott, J. M. Aho, M. F. Antolin, D. K. Padilla, J. S. Richardson, and D. A. Soluk (1987): Ecological Neighborhoods: Scaling Environmental Patterns21. R. V. O'Neill (1989): Transmutations Across Hierarchical Levels22. V. Meentemeyer (1989): Geographical Perspectives of Space, Time, and Scale23. W. H. Romme and D. H. Knight (1982): Landscape Diversity: The Concept Applied to Yellowstone Park24. G. B. M. Pedroli and G. J. Borger (1990): Historical Land Use and Hydrology: A Case from Eastern Noord-Brabant25. H. R. Delcourt and P. A. Delcourt (1988): Quaternary Landscape Ecology: Relevant Scales in Space and TimePart V. The Analysis of Landscape PatternsIntroduction and Review26. P. Legendre and M.-J. Fortin (1989): Spatial Pattern and Ecological Analysis27. P. A. Burrough (1981): Fractal Dimensions of Landscapes and Other Environmental DataPart VI. Linking Models with Empiricism: Landscape Boundaries and ConnectivityIntroduction and Review28. L. P. Lefkovitch and L. Fahrig (1985): Spatial Characteristics of Habitat Patches and Population Survival29. J. F. Franklin and R. T. T. Forman (1987): Creating Landscape Patterns by Forest Cutting: Ecological Consequences and Principles30. H. R. Pulliam (1988): Sources, Sinks, and Population Regulation31. R. Costanza, F. H. Sklar, and M. L. White (1990): Modeling Coastal Landscape Dynamics32. J. F. Wegner and G. Merriam (1979): Movements by Birds and Small Mammals Between a Wood and Adjoining Farmland Habitats33. L. Hansson (1983): Bird Numbers Across Edges Between Mature Conifer Forest and Clearcuts in Central Sweden34. P. Opdam, G. Rijsdijk, and F. Hustings (1985): Bird Communities in Small Woods in an Agricultural Landscape: Effects of Area and Isolation35. W. T. Peterjohn and D. L. Correll (1984): Nutrient Dynamics in an Agricultural Watershed: Observations on the Role of a Riparian Forest36. R. J. Naiman, H. Decamps, J. Pastor, and C. A. Johnston (1988): The Potential Importance of Boundaries to Fluvial EcosystemsPart VII. SynthesisIntroduction and Review37. M. G. Turner (1989): Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process