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Each chapter concludes with "Conclusion," "Discussion Questions," and "Notes."
Preface.
I. AMERICAN SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY
1. Social Policy and the American Welfare State
Definitions of Social Welfare Policy
Social Problems and Social Welfare Policy
Social Work and Social Policy
Values, Ideology, and Social Welfare Policy
The Political Economy of American Social Welfare
The U.S. Economic Continuum
Keynesian Economics
Conservative or Free Market Economics
Democratic Socialism
The U.S. Political Continuum
Liberalism and Left-of-Center Movements
Classical Conservatives and the Far Right
The Welfare Philosophers and the Neoconservative Think Tanks
2. Social Welfare Policy Research: a Framework for Policy Analysis
A Proposed Model for Policy Analysis
Historical Background of the Policy
Problem(s) That Necessitate the Policy
Policy Description
Policy Analysis
Researching and Analyzing Social Policies
Social Policy Research and the Internet
Journals and Online Research
Online Data Collection
Ethical Concerns Related to Online Research Involving Human Subjects
Finding and Accessing Online Information
Citing and Documenting Information Obtained Online
Evaluating Reliable and Legitimate Internet Sources
Electronic Journals: An Increasingly Popular Venue
Online Publishing
3. Religion and Social Welfare Policy (by Howard Jacob Karger and Peter Kindle).
Religious Antecedents of Welfare Statism
The English Poor Laws
Church, State, and Social Welfare in Colonial America
The Second Great Awakening
The Civil War Era
The Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
The Rise Of Social Work As A Profession
Urban Needs During Industrialization
Charity Organization Societies
Settlement Houses
The Social Casework Agency
The Progressive Movement
Religion and the Post-Industrial Welfare State
The Fundamentalist Controversy and Its Aftermath
The Great Depression and New Deal
Patterns of Religious Change
Religion and the New Media
Secularization
The Reawakening of a Religious Social Conscience and the Great Society
The Continuing Decline of Mainline Influence
The New Christian Right
4. Discrimination in American Society
Discrimination
Racism
The Minority Middle Class
Discrimination against African Americans
The "Diswelfare" of African Americans
Hispanic Americans
The Demography of Hispanic Americans
Hispanic Poverty and Income
Diversity in the Hispanic Population
Native Americans
Asian Americans
Immigrants and Immigration
Women and Society
Violence and Sexism
The Feminization of Poverty
Women and Low-Income Work
Women and Work
Income and Job Disparities between Men and Women
Day Care: A Barrier to Female Employment
Women in Uniform
Other Obstacles Faced by Working Women
Fighting Back: The Equal Rights Amendment and Comparable Worth
Abortion and Women's Rights
Gays and Lesbians: Two Populations at Risk
Violence against Gays and Lesbians
Gay Rights
Gay and Lesbians in the Military
Gay and Lesbian Family Life
AIDS and the Gay Community
Ageism
The Elderly Poor and Social Programs
Health Care and the Elderly
People with Disabilities
Legal Attempts to Remedy Discrimination
Affirmative Action
5. Poverty in America
Some Theoretical Formulations about Poverty
African Americans and Poverty
The Culture of Poverty
Eugenics and Poverty
The Radical School and Poverty
Who Make Up the Poor?
U.S. Poverty Highlights
Measuring Poverty
Families and Poverty
Child Support Enforcement
Children in Poverty
Poverty and the Elderly
The Urban and Rural Poor
Work and Poverty
A Profile of the Working Poor
Why Are There Working Poor?
Underemployment and Unemployment
Job Training Programs
Dual Labor Markets
The Minimum Wage and Poverty
Strategies Developed to Combat Poverty
IDAs
Three Approaches to Combat Poverty
The Digital Divide
America's Fringe Economy
The Unbanked and the Functionally Poor
Credit and the Poor
The Furniture and Appliance Rental Industry
Cash Loans
Pawnshops
Car Title Pawns
Payday Loans
Tax Refund Loans (RALs)
Check-Cashing
Transportation in the Fringe Economy
II. THE VOLUNTARY AND FOR-PROFIT SOCIAL SECTORS
6. The Voluntary Sector Today
Structural Interests within Social Welfare
Traditional Providers
Welfare Bureaucrats
Clinical Entrepreneurs
Human Service Executives
Marginal Interests
The Forgotten Sector
Advancing Social Justice
Contemporary Nonprofit Human Service Organizations
The United Way
Elite Philanthropy
The Future of the Voluntary Sector
Commercialization
Faith-Based Social Services
Social Entrepreneurship
7. Privatization and Human Service Corporations
Concerns about Privatization
Privatizing Public Welfare
Issues in the Privatization of Health and Human Services
Commercialization
Preferential Selection
Cost-Effectiveness
Standardization
Oligopolization
The Challenge of Privatization
Unions and the Private Sector
Corporate Welfare
History of the Corporate Sector
Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Influence on Social Welfare Policy
The American Enterprise Institute (AEI)
The Heritage Foundation
The Future of Corporate Involvement in Social Welfare
Human Service Corporations
The Scope of Human Service Corporations
Consolidation and Growth in Human Service Markets
Nursing Homes
Hospital Management
Health Maintenance Organizations
Child Care
Home Health Care
Corrections
Life Care and Continuing Care
III. THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR
8. The Making of Governmental Policy
Technical Aspects of the Policy Process
A Critical Analysis of the Policy Process
The Policy Process
Social Stratification
Formulation
Legislation
Implementation
Evaluation
Non-Decision Making
Social Workers and Social Reform
Social Work and Advocacy Organizations
Advocacy Organizations and the New Policy Institutes
Political Practice
9. Tax Policy and Income Distribution
History of U.S. Tax Policy
Tax Policy and Special Interests
Federal Tax Policy
State Tax Policy and the Poor
The Efficiency of Tax Policy in Reducing Poverty
Tax Expenditures as Poverty Policy
The Antitax Movement
10. Social Insurance Programs
Definition of Social Insurance
The Background of Social Insurance
The Financial Organization of Social Insurance
Key Social Insurance Programs
OASDI
Unemployment Insurance
Workers' Compensation
The Social Security Dilemma
Arguments against the Current Social Security System
Arguments for the Current Social Security System
Social Security in Trouble
The Long-Term Prospects for Social Security
Proposed Solutions for Social Security
Should We Privatize Social Security?
11. Public Assistance Programs
Some Assumptions That Underlie Public Assistance
Myths about Public Assistance
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
The Evolution of the AFDC Program
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
State Welfare Reform Waivers
Has the PRWORA Worked?
Proposed Changes in the TANF Program
Supplemental Security Income
General Assistance
Trends and Issues in Public Assistance
Transforming Public Assistance Policy into Labor Policy
Teenage Pregnancy
The Underclass
Welfare Behaviorism
Welfare to Work
The Inadequacy of Public Assistance Benefits
Appendix: Highlights of Selected State Welfare Demonstration Projects, 2000
12. The American Health Care System
The Uninsured
The Organization of Medical Services
Major Public Health Care Programs: Medicare, Medicaid, and S-CHIP
Medicare
Medicaid
The State Children's Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP)
The Tobacco Settlement
The Health Care Crisis
Overview of U.S. Health Care Expenditures
U.S. Health Care in International Perspective
Explaining the High Cost of U.S. Health Care
Hospital Costs
Physicians' Salaries
The Pharmaceutical Industry
Cutting Health Care Costs
Managed Care
The Underinsured
AIDS and Health Care
Reforming U.S. Health Care
Socialized Medicine
National Health Insurance
Incremental Reform
Comparative Analysis: Health Care in Canada and Britain
The Canadian Health Care System
Britain's National Health Service
13. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Policy
Mental Health Reform
The Community Mental Health Centers Acts
Deinstitutionalization
The Revolving Door
CMHCs under Siege
Preventive Commitment
Mental Health Service Delivery
Parity for Mental Health Care
Substance Abuse
History of Substance Abuse
Alcohol Abuse
Drug Abuse
Private Practice and Mental Health Services
Private Practice in Social Work
The Business of Private Practice
The Future of the Private Sector
14. Criminal Justice
History of U.S. Criminal Justice
The Criminal Justice System
Juvenile Justice
The War on Drugs
The Underclass and "Moral Poverty"
Legalization of Drugs
The "New Penology"
The Future of Criminal Justice
15. Child Welfare Policy
History of U.S. Child Welfare Policy
Protective Services for Children
Foster Care for Children
Adoption
Head Start
Emerging Issues in Child Welfare
Day Care
Maternal and Child Health
Teen Pregnancy
16. Housing Policies
Overview of Housing Legislation
The Federal Government and Low-Income Housing Programs
Issues in Housing Policy
Trends in U.S. Housing
Problems in Home Ownership
Problems in Finding Affordable Rental Housing
Other Factors Affecting Housing
Homelessness
Characteristics of the Homeless Population
Trends in Homelessness
Attempts to Address Homelessness
Housing Reform
17. The Politics of Food Policy and Rural Life
Hunger in the United States
The Face of American Hunger
Governmental Food Programs
A Short History of Food Stamps and a Description of the Program
Food Stamps: Who Is in the Program and What Does It Cost?
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Other Food Programs
Have the Food Programs Worked?
Farming in the United States
Governmental Farm Policies
The Face of U.S. Farming
Farmworkers
Who Are America's Farmworkers?
Issues in American Farming
The Corporatization of American Farming
Sustainable Agriculture
IV. THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE IN PERSPECTIVE
18. The American Welfare State in International Perspective
Typologies of Welfare States
American Exceptionalism
The Welfare State in Transition
Ranking National Development
The Weighted Index of Social Progress
The Human Development Index
Capability Poverty
International Aid
Global Capital
The Future
Glossary
Index