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English Simplified, 11/e - at only 72 pages - is a concise, inexpensive grammar handbook that continues to provide comprehensive coverage of grammar, punctuation, mechanics, spelling, word choice, and includes tips for ESL writers. The book also offers easy-to-read tables that clarify verb tenses and forms, the latest updates on documentation style, and material on note-taking, source evaluation, and avoiding plagiarism.
Preface
I. SENTENCES AND GRAMMAR (Sections 101-130)
101-103 Sentences
101 Parts: A-subject; B-verb (predicate)
102 Sentence pattern
103 Classifying: A-by purpose; B-by structure (clauses)--simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
104-109 Parts of Speech: Survey
104 A--nouns; B--pronouns
105 Verbs
106 A--adjectives; B--adverbs
107 A--conjunctions; B--prepositions
108 interjections
109 A word as different parts of speech
110 A word group as a part of speech
111-112 Using Nouns
111 Kinds: A-singular, plural; B-common, proper; C-concrete, abstract; D-collective; E-count, noncount
112 Uses: A-subject; B-complement (direct, indirect object; subjective, objective complement); C--object of preposition; D-appositive; E-direct address
113-118 Using Verbs
113 Identifying
114 Kinds: A-transitive; B-intransitive; C-linking; D-auxiliary
115 Principal parts: A-present, past, past participle; B-troublesome verbs
116 Tenses, forms: A-present; B-past; C-future; D-present perfect; E-past perfect; F-future perfect; G-conditional
117 Verbs vs. Verbals: A-infinitives; B-participles; C-gerunds
118 Verb errors: A-tense shift; B-overused passive voice; C-mood shift; D-confusion of similar verbs (see also 405)
119-120 Using Adjectives and Adverbs
119 Correct use: A-adverbs with action verbs; modifying adjectives, adverbs; B-adjectives after linking verbs; C-good vs. well, bad vs. badly; D-comparative, superlative; E-double comparative, superlative; F-illogical comparisons
120 Articles, determiners [ESL]: A-a vs. an; B-articles before nouns; C-limiting adjectives (determiners); D-order of adjectives
121-123 Using Pronouns
121 Kinds: A-personal; B-interrogative, relative: C-demonstrative; D-indefinite; E-reflexive, intensive
122 Case: A-subjective (nominative); B-objective;C-subjective-objective problems; D-who, whom (interrogative); E-who, whom (relative); F-possessive
123 Faulty reference: A-ambiguous; B-vague
124-125 Phrases, Clauses
124 Phrases: A-prepositional; B-verbal (infinitive, participial, absolute, gerund)
125 Clauses: A-kinds (independent, dependent); B-dependent kinds (adjective, adverb, noun); C-in sentences (simple, compound, complex)
126-127 Agreement
126 Subject-verb: A-person; B-number; C-intervening words; D-compound subjects; E-indefinite pronouns; F-collective nouns; G-linking verbs; H--singulars in plural form; I-there and it; J-titles, words as words; K-money and measures; L-relative pronouns
127 Pronoun-antecedent: A-shifts to you; B. singular pronouns; C-and, or, nor; D-collective nouns; E-demonstratives as adjectives; F-one of the
128-130 Effective Sentences
128 Creating sentences: A-varying; B-coordinating; C-compounding; D-subordinating (adjective, adverb, noun clauses); E-reduction; F-parallel structure; G-positioning main idea
129 "Big three" errors: A-fragments; B-comma splices, fused sentences
130 Other faults: A--needless separation (inl. Misplaced modifiers); B-dangling modifiers (participle, gerund, infinitive, elliptical clause); C-incomplete comparisons; D-needless shifts; E-mixed construction (is when, is where, others)
II. PUNCTUATION (Sections 201-227)
201-203 Comma [,]
201 Comma (to set off): A-independent (main) clause; B-introductory clause, phrase; C-items in series; D-coordinate adjectives; E-parenthetical expressions; F-nonessential (nonrestrictive) clauses, phrases, appositives; G-absolute phrases; H-direct address; I-yes, no; J-mild interjections; K-direct quotations; L-such as, etc., contrasts
202 Comma: A-clarity; B-omitted, understood word; C-tag question; D-friendly letter; E-dates, addresses
203 No comma: A-between subject-verb, verb-object; B-between independent clauses
204-205 Period [.]
204 Period: A-end of sentence; B-abbreviation, initial; C-outline; D-ellipsis, hesitation; E-nonsentence
205 No period after title
206-207 Question Mark [?]
206 Question mark: A-direct question; B-uncertainty
207 No question mark: A-indirect question; B-polite request; C-humor, irony
208-209 Exclamation Point [!]
208 Exclamation point: w. strong interjection
209 No exclamation point: A-mild interjection; B-beyond one
210 Semicolon [;]: A-joining clauses; B-conjunctive adverb; C-clauses, series with commas
211-213 Apostrophe [']
211 Apostrophe with possessive nouns: A-singular; B-plural; C-before gerund; D-fine points
212 Apostrophe: A-contractions, omissions; B-letters, symbols
213 No apostrophe: A-personal pronouns; B-plurals, verbs; C-inanimate objects
214 Italics (Underlining): A-titles of long works; B-ships, etc.; C-art works; D-foreign words; E-words, etc. as such; F-emphasis
215-219 Quotation Marks [" "]
215 Double quotation marks: A-speaker's words; B-interrupted quotation; C-uninterrupted quotation; D-paragraphs; E-fragmentary quotation; F-omission (ellipsis); G-insertion in quotation; H-dialogue; I-poetry
216 Double quotation marks: A-titles of short works; B-definitions; C-words in special sense
217 Single quotation marks: quotation inside quotation
218 Quotation marks with other marks: A-periods, commas; B-colons, semicolons; C-others
219 No quotation marks: A-title of paper; B--irony, etc.;
220-221 Colon [:]
220 Colon (to introduce): A-list; B-long quotation; C-formal quotation, question; D-independent clause; E-business letter; F-announcement; G-resolution; H-play dialogue
221 Colon (to separate): A-title parts, etc.; bibliography parts
222 Dash [--]: A-break in thought; B-parenthetical element; C-appositive; D-quotation
223-224 Parentheses[( )]
223 Parentheses: A-incidental information; B-enclosing; C-accuracy; D-with other marks
224 No parentheses: A-deletions; B-editorial remarks
225 Brackets [[ ]]: A: editorial remarks; B-sic; C-stage directions; D-within parentheses
226 Hyphen[-]: A-compound words; B-compound adjective; C-numbers; D-ambiguity; E-ex-, self-, etc.; F-hesitation, etc.; G-word division
227 Slash (virgule) [/]: A-poetry; B-alternatives; C-per; D-fractions
III. MECHANICS, WITH SPELLING (Sections 301-314)
301-303 Capitalization
301Capital: A-sentence beginning; B-poetry; C-nonsentence; D-after colon; E-outline; F-title; G-letter greeting, close; H-I, O
302 Proper noun capital: A-person, group, etc.; B-place; C-organization, brand; D-day, month, etc.; E-sacred name; F-historical event, etc.; G-school, etc.; H-flag, award; I-planet, etc.; J-ship, etc.; K-initial, etc.; L-personification; M-title
303 No capital: A-compass points; B-seasons; C-family; D-school subject; E-common noun; F-words from proper nouns; G-after semicolon; H-interrupted quotation; I-fragmentary quotation; J-compound word; K-emphasis; L-book part
304 Word division (syllabication): A-by pronunciation; B-compound word; C-one-syllable word; D-single letter
305-307 Numbers
305 In words: A-one or two words; B-compound adjective; C-fraction; D-beginning sentence
306 In figures: A-three or more words; B-special uses; C-groups in same passage
307 Money
308-309 Abbreviations
308 Abbreviation: A-title before name; B-title after name; C-with numeral; D-Latin phrase; E-organization
309 No abbreviation: A-state, day, etc.; B-name; C-street, company, etc.; D-and; E-school subject; F-book part
310-314 Spelling
310 Improvement techniques: A-visualizing; B-practicing; C-similar words; D-related words; E-memory devices
311 Basic rules: A-ie-ei; B-final e; C-final y; D-doubling; E-letting alone
312 Plurals: A-extra syllable (-es); B-y ending (-es); C-f, fe ending (-es); D-o ending (-es); E--is ending (-es); F-compound word; G-foreign plural; H-letter, symbol
313 Nonstandard, alternative spelling: A-nonstandard; B-preferred
314 One hundred problem words
IV. WORD CHOICE (Sections 401-405)
401 Conciseness, clarity, originality: A-conciseness; B-specificity; C-connotation; D-originality
402 Standard, appropriate English: A-formal vs. informal; B-limited use words; C-expressions to avoid
403 Nondiscriminatory terms: A-nonsexist; B-other
404 Similar words often confused
V. PARAGRAPHS AND PAPERS (Sections 501-510)
501 Manuscript Form: A-paper, typeface; B-spacing; C-title, paging; D-Justifying, word dividing; E-corrections
502-503 Paragraphs
502 Form, length [ESL]
503 Content: A-topic sentence; B-development; C-coherence (incl. transitions); D-unity, emphasis
504 Netiquette Guidelines
505-506 Essays
505 Before writing: A-topic; B-plan (prewriting, etc.); C-thesis; D-approach; E-outline
506 Writing, revising: A-first draft; B-revising, editing, proofreading; C-sample student essay
507-510 Research Papers
507 Planning, researching: A-topic; B-thesis (see 505C); C- locating sources (print, electronic, field); D-working bibliography; E-evaluating sources (objectivity, etc.); F-- note taking (paraphrase, etc.); G-pulling it all together
508 Citing sources: A-within paper (MLA, APA); B-plagiarism [ESL]
509 Works cited/reference list: A-MLA; B-APA
510 Setting up pages: A-text (MLA, APA); B-works cited/reference list (MLA, APA)
Index (by section number)
Correction Chart