Preface to the Fifth Edition Acknowledgments Chapter 1 PRESENT AND PAST; SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE 1-1 Simple Present and Present Progressive 1-2 Simple Present and Present Progressive: Affirmative, Negative, Question Forms 1-3 Verbs Not Usually Used in the Progressive (Stative Verbs) 1-4 Simple Past Tense 1-5 Simple Past vs. Past Progressive 1-6 Unfulfilled Intentions: Was/Were Going To Chapter 2 PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES 2-1 Regular and Irregular Verbs 2-2 Irregular Verb List 2-3 Present Perfect: Since and For 2-4 Present Perfect: Unspecified Time and Repeated Events 2-5 Have and Has in Spoken English 2-6 Present Perfect vs. Simple Past 2-7 Present Perfect Progressive 2-8 Past Perfect 2-9 Hadin Spoken English 2-10 Past Perfect Progressive Chapter 3 FUTURE TIME 3-1 Simple Future: Forms of Will and Be Going To 3-2 Will vs. Be Going To 3-3 Expressing the Future in Time Clauses 3-4 Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time 3-5 Future Progressive 3-6 Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive Chapter 4 REVIEW OF VERB TENSES Chapter 5 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT 5-1 Final -s/-es: Use and Spelling 5-2 Basic Subject-Verb Agreement 5-3 Collective Nouns 5-4 Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity 5-5 Subject-Verb Agreement: Using There + Be 5-6 Subject-Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities Chapter 6 NOUNS 6-1 Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns 6-2 Nouns as Adjectives 6-3 Possessive Nouns 6-4 More About Expressing Possession 6-5 Count and Noncount Nouns 6-6 Noncount Nouns 6-7 Some Common Noncount Nouns 6-8 Expressions of Quantity Used with Count and Noncount Nouns 6-9 Using A Few and Few; A Little and Little 6-10 Singular Expressions of Quantity: One, Each, Every 6-11 Using Of in Expressions of Quantity Chapter 7 ARTICLES 7-1 Articles (A, An, The) with Indefinite and Definite Nouns 7-2 Articles: Generic Nouns 7-3 Descriptive Information with Definite and Indefinite Nouns 7-4 General Guidelines for Article Usage 7-5 Using The or O with Titles and Geographic Names Chapter 8 PRONOUNS 8-1 Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives 8-2 Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns 8-3 Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns 8-4 Reflexive Pronouns 8-5 Using You, One, and They as Impersonal Pronouns 8-6 Forms of Other 8-7 Common Expressions with Other Chapter 9 MODALS, PART 1 9-1 Basic Modal Introduction 9-2 Expressing Necessity: Must, Have To, Have Got To 9-3 Lack of Necessity (Not Have To) and Prohibition (Must Not) 9-4 Advisability/Suggestions: Should, Ought To, Had Better, Could 9-5 Expectation: Be Supposed To/Should 9-6 Ability: Can, Know How To, and Be Able To 9-7 Possibility: Can, May, Might 9-8 Requests and Responses with Modals 9-9 Polite Requests with Would You Mind 9-10 Making Suggestions: Let's, Why Don't, Shall I /We Chapter 10 MODALS, PART 2 10-1 Using Would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past 10-2 Expressing the Past: Necessity, Advice, Expectation 10-3 Expressing Past Ability 10-4 Degrees of Certainty: Present Time 10-5 Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative 10-6 Degrees of Certainty: Past Time 10-7 Degrees of Certainty: Future Time 10-8 Progressive Forms of Modals 10-9 Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals 10-10 Expressing Preference: Would Rather 10-11 Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions Chapter 11 THE PASSIVE 11-1 Active vs. Passive 11-2 Tense Forms of the Passive 11-3 Using the Passive 11-4 The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals 11-5 Stative (Non-Progressive) Passive 11-6 Common Stative (Non-Progressive) Passive Verbs + Prepositions 11-7 The Passive with Get 11-8 -ed/-ing Adjectives Chapter 12 NOUN CLAUSES 12-1 Introduction 12-2 Noun Clauses with Question Words 12-3 Noun Clauses with Whether or If 12-4 Question Words Followed by Infinitives 12-5 Noun Clauses with That 12-6 Quoted Speech 12-7 Reported Speech 12-8 Reported Speech: Modal Verbs in Noun Clauses 12-9 The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses Chapter 13 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 13-1 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject 13-2 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb 13-3 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition 13-4 Using Whose 13-5 Using Wherein Adjective Clauses 13-6 Using Whenin Adjective Clauses 13-7 Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns 13-8 Punctuating Adjective Clauses 13-9 Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses 13-10 Using Which to Modify a Whole Sentence 13-11 Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases Chapter 14 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1 14-1 Gerunds and Infinitives: Introduction 14-2 Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds 14-3 Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives 14-4 Infinitives with Objects 14-5 Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds 14-6 Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions 14-7 Go + Gerund 14-8 Special Expressions Followed by -ing 14-9 It + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects 14-10 Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives 14-11 Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds 14-12 Reference List of Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds Chapter 15 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 2 15-1 Infinitive of Purpose: In Order To 15-2 Adjectives Followed by Infinitives 15-3 Using Infinitives with Too and Enough 15-4 Passive Infinitives and Gerunds: Present 15-5 Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds 15-6 Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following Need 15-7 Using Verbs of Perception 15-8 Using the Simple Form After Let and Help 15-9 Using Causative Verbs: Make, Have, Get 15-10 Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund Chapter 16 COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 16-1 Parallel Structure 16-2 Parallel Structure: Using Commas 16-3 Punctuation for Independent Clauses; Connecting Them with And and But 16-4 Paired Conjunctions: Both . . . And; Not Only . . . But Also; Either . . . Or; Neither . . . Nor Chapter 17 ADVERB CLAUSES 17-1 Introduction 17-2 Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships 17-3 Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect 17-4 Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using Even Though 17-5 Showing Direct Contrast: While 17-6 Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: If-Clauses 17-7 Shortened If-Clauses 17-8 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Whether or Not and Even If 17-9 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using In Case 17-10 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Unless 17-11 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Only If Chapter 18 REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES 18-1 Introduction 18-2 Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases 18-3 Expressing the Idea of During the Same Time in Modifying Adverbial Phrases 18-4 Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases 18-5 Using Upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases Chapter 19 CONNECTIVES THAT EXPRESS CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST, AND CONDITION 19-1 Introduction 19-2 Using Because Of and Due To 19-3 Cause and Effect: Using Therefore, Consequently, and So 19-4 Summary of Patterns and Punctuation 19-5 Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: Such . . . That and So . . . That 19-6 Expressing Purpose: Using So That 19-7 Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result) 19-8 Showing Direct Contrast 19-9 Expressing Conditions: Using Otherwise and Or (Else) Chapter 20 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES 20-1 Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences 20-2 Expressing Real Conditions in the Present or Future 20-3 Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future 20-4 Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Past 20-5 Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences 20-6 Using Mixed Time in Conditional Sentences 20-7 Omitting If 20-8 Implied Conditions 20-9 Wishes About thePresent and Past 20-10 Wishes About the Future; Use of Wish + Would Appendix SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR CHARTS Unit A: Basic Grammar Terminology A-1 Subjects, Verbs, and Objects A-2 Adjectives A-3 Adverbs A-4 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases A-5 Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Adverbs Unit B: Questions B-1 Forms of Yes /No and Information Questions B-2 Question Words B-3 Shortened Yes/No Questions B-4 Negative Questions B-5 Tag Questions Unit C: Contractions Unit D: Negatives D-1 Using Not and Other Negative Words D-2 Avoiding Double Negatives D-3 Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word Unit E: Verbs E-1 The Verb Be E-2 Spelling of -ing and -ed Verb Forms E-3 Overview of Verb Tenses E-4 Summary of Verb Tenses E-5 Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings E-6 Pronunciation of Final -s in Verbs and Nouns E-7 Linking Verbs E-8 Troublesome Verbs: Raise/Rise, Set/Sit, Lay/Lie E-9 Irregular Verbs: An Alphabetical Reference List Listening Script Index
