I. WORD- AND SENTENCE-LEVEL COMPREHENSION.
1. Collecting Words: Learning the Nuances of Word Meanings.
2. Structural Analysis: Focusing on the Meaning of Word Parts.
3. Word Mapping: Exploring Word Meanings and Applications.
4. Word Origin Studies: Linking Word Histories and Roots to Word Comprehension.
5. Vocabulary Processing: Multiple Strategies Approach.
6. Text Talk: Scaffolding Comprehension Through Oral Discussion.
7. Microselection: Introducing the Concepts of Keywords and Main Ideas.
8. Fluency Strategies: Multiple Approaches.
II. PARAGRAPH-LEVEL COMPREHENSION.
9. Anaphoric Relations: Word Substitutions.
10. Connectives: Focusing on Words that Support Cohesion and Inference.
11. Text Charting: Exploring the Connections among Sentences.
12. Inferences: Filling in the Missing Pieces.
13. Read, Pair, Share: Working with a Partner to Answer Questions.
14. Cooperative Scripts: Working in Pairs to Improve Comprehension and Recall.
15. GIST (Generating Interaction Between Schemata and Text): Making Comprehension Connections.
III. INTEGRATING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE.
16. Predicting: Using Past Experiences to Support Comprehension.
17. Perspective Taking: Getting Into the Minds of the Characters.
18. Double-Entry Journals: Connecting Experiences to Text.
19. Read/Think Aloud: Emphasizing Connections and Thought Processes.
20. Series Book Studies: Building Background Knowledge through Familiar Story Elements.
21. Intertextual Studies: Comparing Story Elements to Build Comprehension.
22. Graphic Organizers: Visually Representing Ideas, Text, and Connections.
23. Critical Reading: Analyzing Text through Higher-Level Thinking Activities.
24. Imagination, Images, and Interaction: Creating and Describing Mental Pictures.
IV. HOLISTIC COMPREHENSION.
25. KWL Charts: Supporting Comprehension Into, Through, and Beyond Reading.
26. Data Charts: Organizing Information to Aid Comprehension and Recall.
27. Drama Centers: Building Comprehension through Active Processing.
28. Story Retelling Boxes: Using Props to Reenact Stories.
29. Script Writing: Investigating and Analyzing Text.
30. Readers Theatre: Using Active Reading Processes to Enhance Comprehension.
31. Story Structure Studies: Recognizing and Building on Narrative Story Elements.
32. Text Mapping: A Travelers' Guide to Comprehension.
33. Summarization: Identifying the Main Idea and Supporting Details.
34. NIPS: An Interactive Support Strategy for Comprehending "Tough" Text.
V. SELF-MONITORING STRATEGIES.
35. Cross-Checking: Self-Monitoring at the Sentence Level.
36. Periodic Paraphrasing: Monitoring Your Own Understanding.
37. Self-Monitoring through Imaging and Interacting: Demonstrating Understanding.
38. Note Taking: Identifying and Monitoring Understanding of Important Information.
39. Reciprocal Teaching: A Cooperative Approach to Comprehension Monitoring.
40. Fix-up Strategies: Knowing What to Do When Reading Doesn't Make Sense.
41. SQ4R: An Approach to Studying for Comprehension and Memory.
VI. ASSESSMENT TO INFORM INSTRUCTION.
42. Literacy Observation Checklists: Observing and Conferencing to Document and Set Goals.
43. Vocabulary Rating: Assessing Word Understanding and Use.
44. Retelling for Assessment: Using Free Recall to Determine Depth of Understanding.
45. Comprehension Style Assessment: How Does the Reader Construct Meaning?
46. Cloze Assessment: Evaluating the Use of Comprehension Processes.
47. Think-Aloud: Assessing Comprehension Strategy Use.
48. Process Questions: Identifying Metacognitive Strategies.
49. Question-Answer Relationships: Identifying Question Types and Locating Answers.
50. Element Interviews: Engaging Students in Interactions Centered on Story Elements.
