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Understanding Human Communication Adler

Understanding Human Communication By Adler

Understanding Human Communication by Adler


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Understanding Human Communication Summary

Understanding Human Communication by Adler

Understanding Human Communication addresses students' perception that they already know how to communicate--an issue faced by every faculty member. By artfully weaving cutting-edge academic research and theory into the clear, down-to-earth, and student-friendly narrative, the authors help students understand the complexity and depth of human communication and public speaking. The series of concepts builds logically through the chapter sequence, enabling students to further deepen their communication skills as they progress through the book. By accessing the text's integrated digital resources--contemporary and brief video clips; tutorials; and self-assessments---students will be able to see concepts applied in real scenarios, making their learning more meaningful.

About Adler

Ronald B. Adler is Professor Emeritus of Communication at Santa Barbara City College. He is a coauthor of Interplay: The Process of Interpersonal Communication, Fourteenth Edition (OUP, 2017). George Rodman is Professor of Television, Radio, and Emerging Media at Brooklyn College, City University of New York, where he founded the graduate media studies program. He is the author of Mass Media in a Changing World, Fourth Edition (2012) and several books on public speaking. Athena du Pre is Professor of Communication at the University of West Florida. She is the author of Communicating About Health: Current Issues and Perspectives, Fourth Edition (OUP, 2017).

Table of Contents

Preface About the Authors PART ONE: FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION 1. COMMUNICATION: WHAT AND WHY 1.1 Characteristics of Communication Definition of Communication Models of Communication 1.2 Types of Communication Intrapersonal Communication Dyadic and Interpersonal Communication Small Group Communication Organizational Communication Public Communication Mass Communication Social Media Communication 1.3 Communication in a Changing World Changing Technology Changing Discipline 1.4 Communication Competence There Is No Ideal Way to Communicate Competence Is Situational Competence Is Relational Competent Communicators Are Empathic Competence Can Be Learned Competence Requires Hard Work Competent Communicators Self-Monitor Competent Communicators Are Committed 1.5 Misconceptions About Communication Myth: Communication Requires Complete Understanding Myth: Communication Can Solve All Problems Myth: Communication Is a Good Thing Myth: Meanings Are in Words Myth: Communication Is Simple Myth: More Communication Is Always Better FEATURES Understanding Diversity: The Limits of Language When Describing People @Work: Communication Skills and Career Success Understanding Communication Technology: Dear Social Media, I Need a Little Space Self-Assessment: What Type of Communicator Are You? Ethical Challenge: To Communicate or Not to Communicate? 2. COMMUNICATING WITH SOCIAL MEDIA 2.1 The Roles of Social and Mass Media Characteristics of Social Media Social Media Usese and Gratifications Masspersonal Communication 2.2 Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Communication Message Richness Synchronicity Permanence 2.3 Benefits and Drawbacks of Social Media Benefits of Social Media Drawbacks of Social Media 2.4 Influences on Mediated Communication Gender Age 2.5 Communicating Competently with Social Media Maintaining Positive Relationships Protecting Yourself FEATURES Understanding Your Communication: What Type of Social Media Communicator are You? Ethical Challenge: How Honest Should You Be on Social Media? @Work: Using LinkedIn for Career Success Checklist: Use Social Media Courteously and Wisely Checklist: Evaluating Online (Mis)information 3. THE SELF, PERCEPTION, AND COMMUNICATION 3.1 Communication and the Self Self-Concept Defined Biology, Personality, and the Self External Influence on the Self-Concept Culture and the Self-Concept Self-Fulfilling Prophecies 3.2 Perceiving Others Steps in the Perception Process The Power of Narratives Common Perceptual Tendencies Empathy 3.3 Communication and Identity Management Public and Private Selves Identity Management and Social Media Characteristics of Identity Management Identity Management in the Workplace Why Manage Identities? Identity Management and Honesty FEATURES Understanding Diversity: Sexist Assumptions in Everyday Langauge Ethical Challenge: Looking Beyond Stereotypes Checklist Avoiding Stereotypes Checklist: Avoiding Stereotypes Checklist: Check Your Perceptions Before Responding 4. COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE 4.1 Understanding Cultures and Cocultures Differences and Similarities Salience of Differences 4.2 How Cultural Values and Norms Shape Communication Individualism and Collectivism High and Low Cultural Contexts Uncertainty Avoidance Power Distance Talk and Silence Competition and Cooperation 4.3 Cocultures and Communication Race and Ethnicity Regional Differences Gender Identity Sexual Orientation Religion Political Viewpoints Ability/Disability Age/Generation Socioeconomic Status 4.4 Developing Intercultural Communication Competence Increased Contact Tolerance for Ambiguity Open-Mindedness Knowledge and Skill Patience and Perseverance FEATURES @Work: Power Distance and Culture in the Workplace Checklist: Discussing Politics Responsibly on Social Media Understanding Diversity: Communicating with People Who Have Disabilities @Work: Organizations Are Cultures, Too Ethical Challenge: Civility When Values Clash Understanding Your Communication: How Much Do You Know About Other Cultures? Checklist: Coping with Culture Shock PART TWO: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS 5. LANGUAGE 5.1 The Nature of Language Language is Symbolic Meanings Are in People, Not in Words Language is Rule Governed 5.2 The Power of Language Language Shapes Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs 5.3 Troublesome Language The Language of Misunderstandings 5.4 Disruptive Language Confusing Facts and Inferences Presenting Facts as Opinions Emotive Language Personal Attacks 5.5 Gender and Language FEATURES Understanding Diversity: Language and Worldview @Work: What's in a Name? Ethical Challenge: Freedom of Speech Ethical Challenge: Telling It Like It Is Checklist: Avoiding Misunderstandings Checklist: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Checklist: Choose Your Words Carefully Understanding Your Communication: How Do You Use Language? 6. LISTENING 6.1 The Value of Listening 6.2 Misconceptions about Listening Myth 1: Listening and Hearing Are the Same Thing Myth 2: Listening Is a Natural Process Myth 3: All Listeners Receive the Same Message 6.3 Overcoming Challenges to Effective Listening Message Overload Noise Cultural Differences 6.4 Faulty Listening Habits 6.5 Listening to Connect and Support Be Sensitive to Personal and Situational Factors Allow Enough Time Ask Questions Listen for Unexpressed Thoughts and Feelings Encourage Further Comments Reflect Back the Speaker's Thoughts Consider the Other Person's Needs When Analyzing Reserve Judgment, Except in Rare Cases Think Twice Before Offering Advice Offer Comfort, if Appropriate 6.6 Gender and Supportive Listening 6.7 Listening to Accomplish, Analyze, and Critique Task-Oriented Listening Analytical Listening Critical Listening FEATURES Understanding Communication Technology: Who Is Listening to You Online? Checklist: Tips for Mindful Listening @Work: Multitasking Can Make You Less Intelligent Checklist: Ways to Limit Social Media Distractions Checklist: Techniques for Listening Nondefensively Checklist: Temptations to Avoid When Asking Questions Checklist: When and How to Offer an Analysis Checklist: What to Consider Before Offering a Judgment Checklist: Factors to Consider Before Offering Advice Checklist: Ways to Offer Comfort Ethical Challenge: The Good and Bad of Online Anonymity Checklist: How and When to Paraphrase Checklist: Taking Detailed Notes Checklist: Evaluating a Speaker's Message Understanding Your Communication: What Are Your Listening Strengths? 7. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION 7.1 Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Is Unavoidable Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous Nonverbal Cues Convey Emotion Nonverbal Cues Influence Identities and Relationships 7.2 Functions of Nonverbal Communication Repeating Substituting Complementing Accenting Regulating Contradicting Deceiving 7.3 Types of Nonverbal Communication Body Movements Voice Appearance Touch Space 7.4 Influences on Nonverbal Communication Culture Gender FEATURES Checklist: Three Ways to Convey Nonverbal Cues More Mindfully Self-Assessment: How Worldly Are Your Non-Verbal Communication Skills? Understanding Communication Technology: Nonverbal Expressiveness Online @Work: Vocal Cues and Career Success Ethical Challenge: Appearance and Impression Management @Work: Touch and Career Success PART THREE: INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 8. UNDERSTANDING INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 8.1 Characteristics of Interpersonal Communication What Makes Communication Interpersonal? How We Choose Relational Partners Content and Relational Messages Metacommunication Self-Disclosure Online Interpersonal Communication 8.2 Communicating with Friends and Family Unique Qualities of Friendship Types of Friendships Gender and Friendship Family Relationships 8.3 Communicating with Romantic Partners Stages of Romantic Relationships Love Languages Male and Female Intimacy Styles 8.4 Relational Dialects Connection versus Autonomy Openness versus Privacy Predictability versus Novelty 8.5 Lies and Evasions Altruistic Lies Evasions Self-Serving Lies FEATURES Checklist: Questions to Ask Yourself Before Self-Disclosing Ethical Challenge: Is It Cheating? Checklist: How to Be a Good Friend Understanding Your Communication: What Kind of Friendship Do You Have? Checklist: Strengthening Family Ties Checklist: Meeting an Online Date for the First Time Understanding Communication Technology: To End this Romance, Just Press Send Understanding Your Communication 9. MANAGING CONFLICT 9.1 UNDERSTANDING INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT Expressed Struggle Interdependence Perceived Incompatible Goals Perceived Scarce Resources 9.2 Communication Climates Confirming and Disconfirming Messages How Communication Climates Develop 9.3 Conflict Communication Styles Nonassertiveness Indirect Communication Passive Aggression Direct Aggression Assertiveness 9.4 Negotiation Strategies Win-Lose Lose-Lose Compromise Win-Win 9.5 Social Influences on Conflict Communication Gender and Conflict Style Cultural Approaches to Conflict FEATURES Checklist: Rules for Fighting Fair Understanding Communication Technology: Can You Hear Me Now? Understanding Your Communication: What's the Forecast for Your Communication Climate? Understanding Communication Technology: You Can't Take It Back Ethical Challenge: It's Nothing @Work: Dealing with Sexual Harassment Checklist: Protecting Yourself from an Abusive Partner Understanding Your Communication: How Assertive Are You? Ethical Challenge: Negotiating with a Bully Understanding Diversity: They Seem to Be Arguing PART FOUR: COMMUNICATION IN GROUPS, TEAMS, AND ORGANIZATIONS 10. COMMUNICATING FOR CAREER SUCCESS 10.1 Setting the Stage for Career Success Developing a Good Reputation Managing Your Online Identity Cultivating a Professional Network 10.2 Pursuing the Job You Want Preparing Application Materials Planning for a Job Interview Participating in a Job Interview 10.3 Organizational Communication Factors Culture in the Workplace Patterns of Interaction Power in the Worklplace 10.4 Communicating in a Professional Environment Avoiding Common Communication Mistakes Communicating Well as a Follower Communicating in a Professional Manner Online FEATURES Checklist: Strategies to Meet Networking Prospects Checklist: What to Include in a Cover Letter Checklist: How You Might Answer What is Your Greatest Weakness? Ethical Challenge: Responding to Illegal Interview Questions Understanding Communication Technology: Interviewing by Phone or Video Understanding Your Communication: How Good a Follower Are You? 11. LEADERSHIP AND TEAMWORK 11.1 Communication Strategies for Leaders Characteristics of Effective Leaders Leadership Approaches Trait Theories of Leadership Situational Leadership Transformational Leadership 11.2 Communicating in Groups and Teams What Makes a Group a Team? Motivational Factors Rules in Small Groups Individual Roles 11.3 Making the Most of Group Interaction Enhancing Cohesiveness Managing Meetings Effectively Using Discussion Formats Strategically 11.4 Group Problem Solving Advantages of Group Problem Solving Stages of Team Development A Structured Problem-Solving Approach Problem Solving in Virtual Groups FEATURES Checklist: Demonstrating Your Leadership Potential @Work: I'll Do It Myself--Or Should I? Checklist: Working with a Difficult Boss Understanding Your Communication: What's Your Leadership Style? Checklist: Getting Slackers to Do Their Share Checklist: Dealing with Difficult Team Members Ethical Challenge: Balancing Overly Talkative and Quiet Group Members Checklist: Enhancing Group Productivity Checklist: Coping with Information Overload Checklist: Making the Most of a Brainstorming Session @Work: The Power of Constructive Dialogue Understanding Diversity: Maximizing the Effectiveness of Multicultural Teams Understanding Communication Technology: Developing Trust Long Distance PART FIVE. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION 12. PREPARING AND PRESENTING YOUR SPEECH 12.1 Getting Started Choosing Your Topic Defining Your Purpose Writing a Purpose Statement Stating Your Thesis 12.2 Analyzing the Speaking Situation The Listeners The Occasion 12.3 Gathering Information Online Research Library Research Interviewing Survey Research 12.4 Managing Communication Apprehension Facilitative and Debilitative Communication Apprehension Sources of Debilitative Communication Apprehension Overcoming Debilitative Communication Apprehension 12.5 Presenting Your Speech Choosing an Effective Type of Delivery Practicing Your Speech 12.6 Guidelines for Delivery Visual Aspects of Delivery Auditory Aspects of Delivery 12.7 Sample Speech Bibliography FEATURES Ethical Challenge: If I Adapt, Do I Lose My Integrity? Checklist: Evaluating Websites Understanding Your Communication: Speech Anxiety Symptoms Checklist: Practicing Your Presentation Ethical Challenge: Speaking Sincerely to Distasteful Audiences 13. ORGANIZATION AND SUPPORT 13.1 Structuring Your Speech Your Working Outline Your Formal Outline Your Speaking Notes 13.2 Principles of Outlining Standard Format The Rule of Division The Rule of Parallel Wording 13.3 Organizing Your Outline into a Logical Pattern Time Patterns Space Patterns Topic Patterns Problem-Solution Patterns Cause-Effect Patterns Monroe's Motivated Sequence 13.4 Beginnings, Endings, and Transitions The Introduction The Conclusion Transitions 13.5 Supporting Material Functions of Supporting Material Types of Supporting Material Styles of Support: Narration and Citation 13.6 Sample Speech FEATURES Understanding Your Communciation: Main Points and Sub-Points Understanding Diversity: Nontraditional Patterns of Organization @Work: Organizing Business Presentations Checklist: Effective Conclusions Understanding Communication Technology: Plagiarism in a Digital Age 14. INFORMATIVE SPEAKING 14.1 Types of Informative Speaking By Content By Purpose 14.2 Informative Versus Persuasive Topics Type of Topic Speech Purpost 14.3 Techniques of Informative Speaking Define a Specific Informative Purpose Create Information Hunger Make It Easy to Listen Use Clear, Simple Language Use a Clear Organization and Structure 14.4 Using Supporting Material Effectively Emphasizing Important Points Generating Audience Involvement Using Visual Aids Using Presentation Software Alternative Media for Presenting Graphics Rules for Using Visual Aids 14.5 Sample Speech Introduction (1-4) Body Conclusion FEATURES Understanding Your Communication: Are You Overloaded? Understanding Diversity: How Culture Affects Information Checklist: Techniques of Informative Speaking @Work: The Pros and Cons of Presentation Software 15. PERSUASIVE SPEAKING 15.1 Characteristics of Persuasion Persuasion Is Not Coercive Persuasion Is Usually Incremental Persuasion Is Interactive Persuasion Can Be Ethical 15.2 Categorizing Persuasive Attempts By Types of Proposition By Desired Outcome By Directness of Approach By Types of Appeal: Aristotle's Ethos, Pathos, and Logos 15.3 Creating the Persuasive Message Set a Clear, Persuasive Purpose Structure the Message Carefully Use Solid Evidence Avoid Fallacies 15.4 Adapting to the Audience Establish Common Ground Organize According to the Expected Response Neutralize Potential Hostility 15.5 Building Credibility as a Speaker Competence Character Charisma 15.6 Sample Speech Bibliography FEATURES @Work: Persuasion in the World of Sales Understanding Diversity: Cultural Differences in Persuasion Ethical Challenge: If I Adapt, Do I Lose My Integrity? Understanding Your Communication: Persuasive Speech Notes Glossary Credits Index

Additional information

CIN0190925698G
9780190925697
0190925698
Understanding Human Communication by Adler
Used - Good
Paperback
Oxford University Press Inc
20191206
480
N/A
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
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