The numbers in square brackets [ ] indicate the corresponding chapters in A Comprehensive Spanish
Grammar by Jacques de Bruyne and Christopher J. Pountain (Blackwell 1995).
Preface viii
Acknowledgements x
Pronunciation 1
1 The alphabet [12] 1
2 Diphthongs [910] 2
3 Stress [1017] 3
4 Punctuation and capital letters [1824] 5
5 Revision 7
The Article 11
6 The definite article [2670] 11
7 The indefinite article [7185] 15
The Noun 20
8 Gender: masculine and feminine [86123] 20
9 Number: plural formation [12450] 23
The Adjective 28
10 Agreement and placement of adjectives [15180] 28
11 Degrees of comparison [18198] 33
Numerals 38
12 Cardinals and ordinals [20432] 38
13 Fractions, multiples and collectives [2337] 43
Pronouns 45
14 Personal pronouns [23897] 45
15 Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives [298319] 52
16 Possessive pronouns and adjectives [32041] 55
17 Relative pronouns [34264] 59
18 Interrogative and exclamatory pronouns and adjectives [36577] 61
19 Indefinite pronouns and adjectives [378535] 63
Impersonal Expressions 68
20 Uses of impersonal expressions [53645] 68
The Adverb 73
21 Adverbs of manner [54669] 73
22 Adverbs of degree and quantity [57096] 75
23 Adverbs of time [597610] 77
24 Adverbs of place [61120] 78
25 Adverbs of confirmation, negation and doubt [62131] 80
26 Adverbial expressions [6323] 81
Comparative Constructions 83
27 Uses of comparative constructions [63857] 83
Prepositions 88
28 Uses of prepositions [658794] 88
Constructions with Verbs and Nouns 100
29 General rule and use [795822] 100
Conjunctions 106
30 Use of some conjunctions [82356] 106
The Verb: Conjugation 113
Regular Verbs 113
31 Present indicative [85760] 113
32 Imperfect and preterite indicative [8614] 119
33 Future and conditional [8658] 125
34 Present subjunctive [86970] 130
35 Imperfect subjunctive [8714] 133
36 Perfect and pluperfect of indicative [8789] 136
37 Future perfect and conditional perfect [8812] 139
38 Perfect and pluperfect subjunctive [8835] 141
39 The imperative [88797] 144
40 Irregular verbs [90370] 148
Use of the Tenses 163
41 Present indicative [9717] 163
42 Past tenses of the indicative [97898] 170
43 Future and conditional tenses of the indicative [9991013] 184
44 Sequence of tense with the subjunctive [101417] 189
The Passive 198
45 The passive idea [101823] 198
Use of the Moods 206
46 Use of the subjunctive [102476] 206
The Impersonal Forms of the Verb 224
47 The infinitive [1077136] 224
48 The gerund [113774] 231
49 The past participle [1175230] 238
Special Problems with Spanish Verbs 245
50 Ser and estar [123155] 245
51 Haber, deber and poder [125675] 256
SubjectVerb Concord 265
52 General rule and use [127689] 265
Syntax of Negative Elements 268
53 General rule and use [12918] 268
Word Order 274
54 General rule and use [12991318] 274
Affective Suffixes 279
55 Forms and meaning [131932] 279
Key 284