The UFAW Handbook was first published in 1947. It has become a standard text for those concerned with the husbandry of laboratory animals and the inclusion of some wild species has also proved it to be of value to zoos and aquaria. Since the last edition, there have been many advances both in the understanding of the welfare needs of animals in captivity and in laboratory animal science, for example, the production and breeding of transgenic animals. The text of the 7th edition has been completely rewritten, to include the most recent information, by internationally recognized experts in the various fields. All chapters have been scrutinised by an expert referee. The Handbook is now in two volumes to meet the demand of different readerships. This volume is devoted to aquatic and amphibious vertebrates and two groups of higher invertebrates, the Cephalopoda and the decapod Crustacea.