The history of animated cartoons has been dominated by Walt Disney, giving the impression that he perfected the medium. In reality, it was the work of several pioneers. Max Fleischer-inventor of the rotoscope technique of tracing animation frame by frame over live-action footage-was one of the most prominent.

By the 1930s, Fleischer and Disney were the leading producers of animated films but took opposite approaches. Fleischer's work showed elements of German Expressionism and organic progression, in contrast to Disney's naturalism. As a result, Fleischer's cartoons were rough rather than refined, commercial rather than artistic-yet with an artistry of their own. Both animators sought to create images and action that violated physical laws, supporting Fleischer's maxim: If it can be done in real life, it isn't animation. This book covers his life and work, with rare illustrations detailing the technical aspects of his craft.