SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING TMJ AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 4 Embryology and Fetal Development of Face and Neck Roya Sohaey, MD 14 TMJ Embryology Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD 20 Upper Respiratory Tract Embryology Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD 26 TMJ Effect on Facial Growth Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 36 TMJ Effect on Upper Respiratory Tract Morphology Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc FUNCTION AND BIOMECHANICS 40 Occlusion and Orthopedic Stability Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, Domingo Martin, MD, DDS, and Guillermo Ochoa, BDS 48 Levers and Kinesiology of the Masticatory System Alberto Canabez, MD, Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 52 Jaw Function, Dysfunction, and TMJ Biomechanics Luigi M. Gallo, MEng, PhD 58 4D Mandibular Movements Domingo Martin, MD, DDS and Alberto Canabez, MD 64 Tensegrity and the Upper Respiratory Tract Jay Harris Levy, DDS 72 Tensegrity and the TMJ/AOJ Posture Jay Harris Levy, DDS 80 The Tricentric Concept of Occlusion Mariano Rocabado, PT, DPT, CCTT and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 88 Structure of Mandibular Condyle and Related TMJ Biomechanics Le W. Huwe, BS, Ryan P. Donahue, PhD, and Jerry C. Hu, PhD 92 Structure and Function of TMJ Disc and Disc Attachments Le W. Huwe, BS, Ryan P. Donahue, PhD, and Jerry C. Hu, PhD 96 Modeling and Remodeling of TMJ and Mandible Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 112 Biodynamics of Upper Respiratory Tract Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD SECTION 2: ANATOMYTMJ 118 TMJ Osseous Components Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 130 TMJ Disc/Fibrocartilage Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 136 TMJ Capsule and Ligaments Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 140 TMJ Histology and Synovial Fluid Composition Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 144 TMJ Innervation Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD 146 TMJ Vasculature Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc MUSCLES 150 Muscles of Mastication Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD 152 Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR 166 Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD 178 Tongue H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD 182 Posterior Cervical Muscles Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc JAWS 186 Mandible Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 192 Maxilla Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 200 Teeth Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc TEMPORAL BONE 206 Temporal Bone H. Ric Harnsberger, MD UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT 222 Sinonasal Overview Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR 236 Ostiomeatal Unit Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR 240 Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR 250 Nasopharynx and Oropharynx H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 256 Hypopharynx Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR SKULL BASE 266 Skull Base Overview H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 272 Anterior Skull Base H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 278 Central Skull Base H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 284 Posterior Skull Base H. Ric Harnsberger, MD CRANIAL NERVES RELATED TO TMJ 294 Cranial Nerves Overview H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 306 Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 318 Facial Nerve (CNVII) H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 326 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX) H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 332 Vagus Nerve (CNX) H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 338 Accessory Nerve (CNXI) H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 342 Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII) H. Ric Harnsberger, MD CERVICAL SPINE AND OTHERS 348 Cervical Spine Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 366 Craniocervical Junction H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 376 Styloid Process and Stylohyoid Ligament Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 380 Hyoid Bone Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD SECTION 3: MODALITIES USED FOR TMJ AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IMAGING INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 388 Imaging Decision Making Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD HARD TISSUE IMAGING 390 Plain Film Imaging of TMJ Richard W. Katzberg, MD, Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 396 Plain Film Imaging of Upper Respiratory Tract Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD 398 Arthrography Richard W. Katzberg, MD 400 Introduction to CBCT Imaging Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS and Asma'a Al-Ekrish, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. 408 CBCT Analysis of TMJ Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 414 CBCT Analysis of Upper Respiratory Tract Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD 424 Radiation Dose in CBCT Asma'a Al-Ekrish, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. and Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS 428 Introduction to MDCT Imaging Asma'a Al-Ekrish, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 434 MCDT Image Acquisition and Processing for TMJ and Airway Analysis Asma'a Al-Ekrish, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD SOFT TISSUE IMAGING 442 Introduction to MR Imaging Derek D. Cissell, VMD, PhD, DACVR, Hakan Amasya, DDS, MSc, and Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA 450 Dynamic MR of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA, Secil Aksoy, DDS, PhD, and Tugrul Ormeci, MD, MSc, PhD 454 Quantitative MR of Cartilage and Implications for TMJ Imaging Derek D. Cissell, VMD, PhD, DACVR, Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA, and Gurkan UEnsal, DDS, PhD 460 Introduction to US Imaging Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA and Hakan Amasya, DDS, MSc 468 US of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA and Gurkan UEnsal, DDS, PhD 474 Arthroscopy Reem H. Hossameldin, BDS, MSc, PhD and Joseph P. McCain, DMD SECTION 4: TMJ DIAGNOSES CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TMD 482 Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of TMD to Radiographic Findings Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 494 Functional Disorders of Muscles Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 500 Intracapsular Disorders of TMJ Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc CONGENITAL CONDITIONS 508 Craniofacial Malformations and Syndromes Affecting TMJ Caroline D. Robson, MBChB, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, and Dann Martin, MD, MS 520 Hemifacial Microsomia David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 524 Pierre Robin Sequence Bernadette L. Koch, MD, Caroline D. Robson, MBChB, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 528 Treacher Collins Syndrome Bernadette L. Koch, MD, Caroline D. Robson, MBChB, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc DEVELOPMENTAL CONDITIONS 530 Condylar Hypoplasia David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 534 Condylar Hyperplasia David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 540 Coronoid Hyperplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 544 Hemimandibular Elongation David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 548 Mandibular Salivary Gland Defect (Stafne) Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 550 Foramen Tympanicum H. Ric Harnsberger, MD TRAUMA 552 TMJ Fracture, Adult and Neonatal David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 558 TMJ Dislocation C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 560 Bifid Condyle C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 564 Osteochondritis Dissecans David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS 566 Rheumatoid Arthritis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 572 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 578 Septic Arthritis Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 582 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 584 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS 588 Degenerative Joint Disease David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 592 Idiopathic Condylar Resorption David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 598 Synovial Cyst David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Peruze Celenk, DDS, PhD 600 TMJ Ganglion Cyst Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD DISC DERANGEMENT CONDITIONS 602 MR Analysis of Normal TMJ Disc Richard W. Katzberg, MD, Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 606 Fine Structural Details of Disc and Posterior Attachment Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 612 Overview of Disc Displacements Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS 618 Disc Displacement With Reduction Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS 624 Disc Displacement Without Reduction Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS 630 Joint Fluid and Marrow Alterations Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS 636 Adhesions David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 638 US of TMJ Internal Derangement Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA and Gurkan UEnsal, DDS, PhD ACQUIRED CONDITIONS 644 Dual Bite David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 650 Posterior Tooth Fulcrum Formation Alberto Canabez, MD, Domingo Martin, MD, DDS, and Adina Sirbu, DMD, PhD 654 Fibrous Ankylosis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 656 Bony Ankylosis C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 658 Osteoradionecrosis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS 662 Primary Synovial Chondromatosis C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 666 Secondary Synovial Chondromatosis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 668 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD BENIGN NEOPLASMS 672 Osteochondroma David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 678 Osteoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS 680 Chondrosarcoma C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 684 Osteosarcoma C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Peruze Celenk, DDS, PhD 686 Metastasis C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS MISCELLANEOUS 688 Simple Bone Cyst C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 690 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 694 Fibrous Dysplasia C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc OCCLUSAL STRESS-RELATED CONDITIONS 698 Attrition Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 700 Abfraction Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 701 Hypercementosis Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 702 Cemental Fractures Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 704 Alveolar Process Exostosis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 706 Torus Mandibularis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 708 Torus Palatinus Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS SECTION 5: TMJ DISORDER MIMICS ORAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING/MIMICKING TMD 712 Odontogenic Infection of Pulpal Origin Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc 716 Oral Cavity Soft Tissue Infections Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR 720 Osteomyelitis of Jaw Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
