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Water Quality Claude E. Boyd

Water Quality By Claude E. Boyd

Water Quality by Claude E. Boyd


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Summary

Improvements include a new chapter on basic chemistry, a more comprehensive chapter on hydrology, and an updated chapter on regulations and standards.

Because it employs only first-year college-level chemistry and very basic physics, the book is well-suited as the foundation for a general introductory course in water quality.

Water Quality Summary

Water Quality: An Introduction by Claude E. Boyd

This volume is of great importance to humans and other living organisms. The study of water quality draws information from a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology, mathematics, physics, engineering, and resource management.

University training in water quality is often limited to specialized courses in engineering, ecology, and fisheries curricula. This book also offers a basic understanding of water quality to professionals who are not formally trained in the subject.

The revised third edition updates and expands the discussion, and incorporates additional figures and illustrative problems. Improvements include a new chapter on basic chemistry, a more comprehensive chapter on hydrology, and an updated chapter on regulations and standards.

Because it employs only first-year college-level chemistry and very basic physics, the book is well-suited as the foundation for a general introductory course in water quality. It is equally useful as a guide for self-study and an in-depth resource for general readers.

About Claude E. Boyd

Claude E. Boyd

Auburn University

School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Science

Auburn, AL

USA

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Physical Properties of Water

Introduction

The Water Molecule

Structure

Dipolar nature

Size

Properties of Water

Thermal characteristics

Vapor pressure

Density

Surface phenomena

Viscosity

Elasticity and compressibility

Water pressure

Dielectric constant

Conductivity

Transparency

Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 An Overview of Hydrology

Introduction

The Hydrologic Cycle

Evaporation

Measurement

Rainfall

Measurement

Soil Water

Groundwater

Runoff and Streams

Lakes, Reservoirs, and Ponds

Wetlands

Water Measurements

Overland flow

Stream flow

Volumes of water bodies

Water Budgets and chemical mass balance

Oceans and Estuaries

Conclusions

References


Chapter 3 Water Temperature (new chapter)

Introduction

Energy, Heat, and Temperature

Solar Radiation and Heating

Heat Transfer in Water bodies

Stream Temperatures

Lakes, Reservoirs, and Ponds

Thermal Stratification

Heat budgets

Thermal stratification process

Patterns of lake stratification

Stratification in ponds

Ice cover

Effects of water quality

Temperature in Water Quality

Physical aspects

Chemical reactions

Biological processes

Conclusions

References

Chapter 4 Dissolved Solids

Introduction

Dissolved Solids and Their Measurement

Dissolved or suspended - particle sizes

Major cations and anions

Total dissolved solids

Total dissolved organic matter

Salinity

Specific conductance

Alkalinity and hardness

Cation-Anion Balance

Accuracy checks

Concentrations of Major Ions in Natural Waters

Rainwater

Inland surface water

Groundwater

Coastal and ocean water

Minor Ions and Other Solutes

Relative Abundances of Elements

Total Dissolved Solids and Colligative Properties

Vapor pressure

Freezing and boiling points

Osmotic pressure

Removal of Dissolved Solids

Ion exchange

Activated carbon

Desalination

Conclusions

References

Chapter 5 Particulate Matter, Color, Turbidity, and Light

Introduction

Suspended Particles

Sources

Settling characteristics

Colloidal particles

Humic Substances and Color

Turbidity and Light Penetration

Assessment of Turbidity and Color

Direct turbidity measurement

Suspended solids

Settleable solids

Secchi disk

Color

Visual Aspects of Water Bodies

Suspended Solids Removal

Water shed protection

Sedimentation basins

Coagulation

Filtration

Conclusions

References

Chapter 6 Dissolved Oxygen and Other Gases

Introduction

Atmospheric Pressure

Gas Solubility

Partial pressure

Henry's law constant and Bunsen coefficient

Weight of air in water

Use of gas solubility tables

Percentage saturation and oxyen tension

The P

Gas Transfer

Stream re-aeration

Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Respiration

Conclusions

References

Chapter 7 Redox Potential

No changes in outline.

Chapter 8 pH, Carbon Dioxide, and Alkalinity

Introduction

pH

The concept

Calculations

pH of natural waters

Carbon Dioxide

Total Alkalinity

Measurement of alkalinity

Sources of alkalinity

Comments on alkalinity equilibria

Buffering

Alkalinity of Natural Waters

Effects on Aquatic Life and Water use

pH

Carbon dioxide

Alkalinity

Conclusions

References

Chapter 9 Acidity (new chapter)

Information

Definition of Acidity

Measurement of Acidity

Sources of Mineral Acidity in Surface Waters

Acid-sulfate soils

Acidic, atmospheric deposition

Acidic mine drainage

Effects of Mineral Acidity on Water Quality

Water quality

Mitigation of Mineral Acidity

Conclusions

References

Chapter 10 Total Hardness

No changes in outline.

Chapter 11 Microorganisms, Macrophytes, and Water Quality

Introduction

Bacteria

Nutrients

Growth

Aerobic respiration

Oxygen stoichiometry in aerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration

Environmental effects on bacterial growth

Estimating bacterial abundance

Sediment Respiration

Phytoplankton

Biology

Photosynthesis

Biochemical assimilation

Factors controlling phytoplankton growth

Estimating phytoplankton abundance

Effects of phytoplankton on water quality

Measuring Photosynthesis and Respiration

The Compensation Depth

Harmful Algae

Aquatic Macrophytes

Communities

Interactions with phytoplankton

Effects on water quality

Carbon and Oxygen Cycle

Conclusions

References

Chapter 12 Nitrogen

No changes in outline.

Chapter 13 Phosphorus

Introduction

Phosphorus in Aquatic Ecosystems

Phosphorus Chemistry

Dissociation of orthophosphoric acid

Phosphorus-sediment reactions

Organic Phosphorus

Analytical Considerations

Phosphorus Dynamics

Concentrations in water

Plant uptake

Exchange between water and sediment

Conclusions

References

Chapter 14 Eutrophication (new chapter)

Introduction

The Eutrophication Process

Natural causes

Anthropogenic causes

Nitrogen, phosphorus and eutrophication

Critical nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations

The tipping point

Lake eutrophication

Stream eutrophication

Climate change and eutrophication

Effects of Eutrophication

Water quality

Aquatic communities

Water use

Health aspects

Eutrophication Control

Reduction in inputs

Nutrient removal

Prospects for future

Conclusions

References

Chapter 15 Sulfur

Introduction

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur Transformations

Plant uptake and mineralization

Oxidations

Reductions

Sulfide

Sulfur Concentrations

Conclusions

References

Chapter 16 Micronutrients and Other Trace Elements

No changes in outline.

Chapter 17 Water Supply (new chapter)

Introduction

The World's Water

Available and Sustainable Freshwater

The water footprint

Domestic Water Use

Human water requirements

Water quality and human health

Bottled water

Industrial Water Use

Agricultural Water Use

Plant crops

Livestock

Food processing

Ecosystem Water Requirements

Water levels

Water flow

Water quality

Water Bodies for Landscape and Recreational Purposes

Water Shortages: Future Prospects

Conclusions

References

Chapter 18 Water Pollution

Introduction

Overview of Water Pollution

Inorganic Solids and Turbidity

Organic Pollution

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Nutrient Pollution

Toxins

Biological Pollution

Groundwater Pollution

Wetland Destruction

Pollution Control

Contamination by Pharmaceuticals

Thermal Discharges

Conclusions

References

Chapter 19 Water Quality Regulations

Additional information

NPB9783030233341
9783030233341
3030233340
Water Quality: An Introduction by Claude E. Boyd
New
Hardback
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2019-09-25
440
N/A
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
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