Alphabetical List of Authors and Works xiii
Introduction xv
Acknowledgements xix
List of Abbreviations and Short Titles xx
Chronological Table of Dates xxiii
Map xxvi
Geoffrey Chaucer (C.1343-1400) 1
The Parliament Of Fowls 2
From Troilus And Criseyde 20
The wooing of Criseyde (from Book II) 21
The winning of Criseyde (from Book III) 44
The loss of Criseyde (from Book V) 69
The epilogue (from Book V) 76
From The Canterbury Tales 79
The General Prologue 80
The Miller's Prologue and Tale 99
The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale 116
The Franklin's Prologue and Tale 143
The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale 164
Minor Poems
Adam Scriveyn 177
Truth 177
The Envoy to Scogan 178
The Complaint of Chaucer to his Purse 180
William Langland (Fl. 1375-1380) 182
From The Vision Of Piers Plowman (C-Text)
The Field Full of Folk (Prologue) 182
Meed at Westminster (from Passus III) 187
Will's 'apologia pro vita sua' (from Passus V) 189
The Confession of the People (from Passus VI) 192
Piers Plowman and the Search for Saint Truth (from Passus VII) 196
The Ploughing of the Half-Acre (from Passus VIII) 200
The Pardon sent from Truth (from Passus IX) 207
The Beginning of the Search for Dowel (from Passus X) 213
The Crucifixion and the Harrowing of Hell (from Passus XX) 214
The Coming of Antichrist (from Passus XXII) 222
The Letters Of John Ball (1381) 227
John Trevisa (D. 1402) 230
From His Translation Of Higden's Polychronicon
The languages of Britain 230
The Wycliffite Bible (c.1380-c.1400) 232
The parable of the great supper (Luke 14:12-24) 232
The nature of charity (1 Cor. 13) 232
'The Gawain-Poet' (Fl. 1390) 234
From Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Fits Three And Four 235
From Patience
Jonah And The Whale 266
John Gower (D. 1408) 273
From Confessio Amantis
The lover's business (from Book IV) 273
The Tale of Tereus and Procne (from Book V) 276
Mandeville's Travels (C.1390-1400) 287
The holy places west of Jerusalem (chap. 11) 287
The people of Dundeya (chap. 22) 288
The approach to the land of Prester John (chap. 30) 289
The fools of despair (chap. 31) 289
The Brahmins (chap. 32) 290
The Earthly Paradise (chap. 33) 291
The Cloud Of Unknowing (c.1390-1400) 292
The plan of campaign (chap. 3) 292
The cloud of unknowing and the cloud of forgetting (chaps 4-7) 293
False contemplatives (chap. 53) 295
Nowhere is everywhere (chap. 68) 296
Julian (Juliana) Of Norwich (1342-C.1418) 297
From The Revelations Of Divine Love (Longer Version)
The bodily sickness and the first revelation (chaps 3-4) 297
The second revelation (chap. 10) 299
The seventh revelation (chap. 15) 300
The eighth revelation (chap. 16) 301
The thirteenth revelation (chap. 27): Sin is behovely 301
Jesus as Mother (chap. 60) 302
The Alliterative Morte Arthure 304
Arthur's fight with the giant of St Michael's mount 304
William Thorpe (Fl. 1407) 308
From The Testimony Of William Thorpe 308
Nicholas Love (Fl. 1410) 313
From The Mirror Of The Blessed Life Of Jesus Christ (1410)
The purpose of this work (chap. 40) 313
The scourging (chap. 41) 314
The crucifixion (chap. 43) 315
The seven last words from the Cross (chap. 44) 317
Thomas Hoccleve (1368-1426) 319
From La Male Regle De T. Hoccleve Living it up in London 319
From The Regement Of Princes The sleepless night and meeting with the old man 322
Hoccleve's troubles 327
Hoccleve's hard life as a scribe 329
Chaucer is dead 331
A way to remember Chaucer 333
From The 'Series'
From The Complaint of Hoccleve 334
From Dialogue with a Friend 339
John Lydgate (1371-1449) 343
From The Troy-Book
Lamentation upon the fall of Troy (from Book IV) 344
From The Siege Of Thebes
Prologue 345
From The Life Of Our Lady
The Commendation of Our Lady at the Nativity (from Book III) 350
From The Dance Macabre 353
From The Fall Of Princes
The letter of Canace to her brother 362
Exclamation on the death of Cyrus 365
Letter To Gloucester 366
From The Testament Of Dan John Lydgate 367
Margery Kempe (C.1373-C.1440) 369
From The Book Of Margery Kempe
Her first childbirth, and first vision of Christ (chap. 1) 369
Her contract with her husband, 23 June 1413, on the road to Bridlington (chap. 11) 371
Among the monks at Canterbury (chap. 13) 372
Wedded to the Godhead (chap. 36) 373
Before the archbishop of York (chap. 52) 374
Her husband's last illness (chap. 76) 376
Charles Of Orleans (1394-1465) 378
Ballade 48: 'To longe, for shame' 378
Ballade 70: 'In the forest of Noyous Hevynes' 379
Ballade 72: 'Whan fresshe Phebus' 380
Roundel 35: 'Take, take this cosse' (with the text of Charles's French original) 381
Roundel 37: 'I prayse nothing' 381
Roundel 57: 'My gostly fadir' 382
Charles meets his new lady (5219-5351) 382
Ballade 96: 'Syn hit is so we nedis must depart' 385
Anonymous Songs And Short Poems, Religious, Comic And Amatory 387
'Adam lay ibowndyn' 387
'I syng of a mayden' 387
'Ther is no rose' 388
'Lully, lulla, thow litel tiny child' 389
'A God and yet a man' 389
'Who cannot wepe come lerne at me' 390
'In a tabernacle of a toure' 391
The Corpus Christi Carol 393
Christ Triumphant 394
'Farewell, this world' 394
'Kyrie, so kyrie' 395
'I have a gentil cok' 396
'I dar not seyn' 397
'Care away for evermore' 397
The Schoolboy's Lament 398
Against Blacksmiths 399
'Alone walkyng' 400
'Myn hertys joy' 401
'Westren wynde' 401
Love-Poems (By Women?) From The Findern Manuscript 402 1 'As in yow restyth my joy and comfort' 402
2 'What-so men seyn' 402
3 'My woofull hert, thus clad in payn' 403
4 (a) 'Come home, dere herte, from tarieng' 404
(b) 'To you, my joye and my worldly plesaunce' 404
(c) 'There may areste me no pleasance' 405
(d) 'Welcome be ye, my sovereine' 405
5 'Continuaunce / Of remembraunce' 405
Popular Ballads 406
Saint Steven 406
The Hunting of the Cheviot 407
Robin Hood and the Monk 413
Reginald Pecock (C.1392/5-C.1460?) 423
From The Repressor Of Overmuch Blaming Of The Clergy Images not a form of idolatry 423
The Paston Letters 425
Margaret Paston to Sir John Paston II 425
Elizabeth Brews to John Paston III 427
The same 427
Margery Brews to John Paston III 427
The same 428
Sir John Fortescue (C.1395-C.1477) 429
From The Governance Of England
Jus regale and Jus politicum et regale 429
Sir Thomas Malory (C.1410-1471) 431
From The Morte D'arthur, Book 8, 'The Moste Pyteuous Tale Of The Morte Arthure Saunz Gwerdon'
The accusation and rescue of Guenevere 432
The vengeance of Sir Gawain 440
The combat of Lancelot and Gawain 449
The last battle and the death of Arthur 452
The death of Guenevere and of Lancelot 459
William Caxton (C.1422-1492) 465
Prologue To Malory's Morte D'arthur 465
Prologue To Eneydos 467
Robert Henryson (C.1430-C.1505) 469
The Testament Of Cresseid 469
From The Fables 484
The Cock and the Fox 485
The Fox and the Wolf 490
The Wolf and the Wether 495
The Wolf and the Lamb 498
William Dunbar (C.1456-C.1515) 503
Meditation In Winter 503
Christ In Triumph 504
From The Golden Targe 505
From The Treatise Of The Two Married Women And The Widow 508
'Timor Mortis Conturbat Me' 515
Gavin Douglas (C.1475-1522) 519
From The Aeneid-Translation
Book II, chapter 9 520
(with Latin of Aeneid, II.544-58)
Book VII, Prologue (1-96) 522
Book XIII, Prologue 524
Stephen Hawes (D. After 1521) 529 From The Pastime Of Pleasure
Dedication 529
How Graunde Amour met with Fame 530
The Tower of Doctrine 533
The nature of poetic style 534
Farewell to the world 535
Farewell to his book 535
John Skelton (C.1460-1529) 536
From The Bowge Of Court 536
From The Book Of Philip Sparrow 542
From The Tunning Of Elinor Rumming 556
From Colin Clout 560
From The Garland Of Laurel 565
The First English Life Of Henry V (1513) 571
The prince of Wales presents himself to his father, Henry IV 571
Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) 573
From The History Of King Richard Iii The fall of lord Hastings 573
Shore's wife 575
The duke of Buckingham has Richard acclaimed king 576
From Utopia 578
Restrictions on travel among the Utopians 579
How the Utopians regard gold 579
How the Utopians wage war 580
The superiority of the Utopian commonwealth 581
From A Dialogue Of Comfort Against Tribulation
How the Christian prepares himself to die for his faith 583
Sir Thomas Elyot (C.1490-1546) 585
From The Book Named The Governor
The importance of beginning Latin early 585
Why gentlemen's children are seldom properly educated 586
An illustration of the virtue of placability 586
William Tyndale (1494-1536) 588
From The Prologue To The New Testament 588
From The New Testament
The parable of the great supper (Luke 14:12-24) 589
The nature of love (1 Cor. 13) 589
From The Obedience Of A Christian Man That the scripture ought to be in the English tongue 590
Why they will not have the scripture in English 591
Blind mouths 591
Simon Fish (C.1500-1531) 592
From A Supplication For The Beggars (1529) 592
William Roper (1496-1577) 594
From The Life Of Sir Thomas More The testimony of master Rich 594
Sir David Lindsay (C.1486-1555) 596
From Squire Meldrum Prologue 596
The sea-fight 598
The wooing of the lady of Gleneagles 600
George Cavendish (C.1499-C.1562) 603
From The Life And Death Of Cardinal Wolsey Wolsey's last journey 603
From Metrical Visions
The Complaint of Cardinal Wolsey 605
Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542) 607
1 'The longe love, that in my thought doeth harbar' 608
(with Italian of Petrarch, Sonnet 107)
2 'Who-so list to hunt, I knowe where is an hynde' 609
3 'Farewell, Love, and all thy lawes for ever' 609
4 'My galy charged with forgetfulnes' 609
5 'Madame, withouten many wordes' 610
6 'They fle from me that sometyme did me seke' 610
7 'What no, perdy, ye may be sure!' 611
8 'Marvaill no more' 611
9 'Tho I cannot your crueltie constrain' 612
10 'To wisshe and want and not obtain' 613
11 'Some-tyme I fled the fyre that me brent' 614
12 'The furyous gonne in his rajing yre' 614
13 'My lute, awake!' 614
14 'In eternum' 615
15 'Hevyn and erth and all that here me plain' 616
16 'To cause accord or to agre' 617
17 'Th'answere that ye made to me, my dere' 618
18 'You that in love finde lucke and habundaunce' 619
19 'What rage is this? what furour of what kynd?' 619
20 'Is it possible?' 620
21 'And wylt thow leve me thus?' 621
22 'Forget not yet the tryde entent' 621
23 'Blame not my lute' 622
24 'What shulde I saye?' 623
25 'Spight hath no powre to make me sadde' 624
26 'Wyth serving still' 624
27 'I abide and abide and better abide' 625
28 'Stond who-so list upon the slipper toppe' 625
29 'Throughout the world, if it wer sought' 626
30 'In court to serve decked with freshe aray' 626
31 Satire 1: 'Myne owne John Poynz' 626
32 Paraphrase of Ps. 130: De profundis clamavi 629
John Leland (C.1506-1552) 630
From A New Year's Gift To Henry Viii 630
Henry Howard, Earl Of Surrey (1517-1547) 632 1 'When ragyng love with extreme payne' 632
2 'The soote season, that bud and blome furth bringes' 633
3 'Set me wheras the sonne doth perche the grene' 633
4 'Love, that doth raine and live within my thought' 634
5 'Alas, so all thinges nowe do holde their peace' 634
6 'Geve place, ye lovers, here before' 635
7 'O happy dames, that may embrace' 635
8 'Good ladies, you that have your pleasure in exyle' 637
9 'When Windesor walles sustained my wearied arme' 638
10 'So crewell prison howe could betyde, alas' 638
11 'W. resteth here, that quick could never rest' 640
12 'Th'Assyrans king, in peas with fowle desyre' 641
13 'Marshall, the thinges for to attayne' 641
From The Aeneid-Translation
Book II (ll. 654-729) 642
Hugh Latimer (1491-1555) 644
From The 'Sermon On The Plougher' 644
Roger Ascham (1515-1568) 646
From Toxophilus, Or, The School Of Shooting Why he writes in English (from the Preface) 646
The wind on the snow 646
From The Schoolmaster
How Italian books and Arthurian romances corrupt the young 647
A Mirror For Magistrates (Second Edition, 1563) 649 From The Induction To The Complaint Of Henry, Duke Of Buckingham,
By Thomas Sackville (1536-1608) 649
From The Tragedy Of Lord Hastings,
By John Dolman (C.1540-C.1602) 652
John Foxe (1517-1587) 654
From Acts And Monuments Of Martyrs Concerning Simon Fish 654
The behaviour of doctor Ridley and master Latimer at the time of their death (16 October 1555) 655
George Gascoigne (1539-1578) 659
From The Steel Glass Exhortation to knights, squires and gentlemen 659
Pray for ploughmen 660
From The Spoil Of Antwerp The seizing of the town 661
Edmund Spenser (1552-1599) 663
January, From The Shepherd's Calendar 663
Textual Variants 666
Glossary of Common Hard Words 672
Index 676