In a fresh reading of Montaigne's Essais, David Quint portrays the great Renaissance writer as both a literary man and a deeply engaged political thinker concerned with the ethical basis of society and civil discourse. From the first essay, Montaigne places the reader in a world of violent political conflict reminiscent of the French Wars of Religion through which he lived and wrote. Quint shows how a group of interrelated essays, including the famous one about the cannibals of Brazil, explores the confrontation between warring adversaries: a clement or vindictive victor and his suppliant or defiant captive. How can the two be reconciled? In a climate of hatred and obstinacy, Montaigne argues not only for the political necessity but also for the moral imperative of trusting and submitting to others and of extending mercy to them. For Quint, this ethical message informs other topics of the Essais: Montaigne's criticism of stoic models of virtue, his project to reform the cruel behaviour of his noble class, his self-portrait that depicts his relaxed and unstudied nature, and his measuring of his own behaviou against the classical virtue of Socrates. The reading shows that Montaigne was always aware of the other side of the issue. The moral thought of the Essais emerges as modern, both in the perennial urgency of Montaigne's concerns and in the self-questioning open-endedness of his doctrine.