* List of Figures and Tables * Preface * Introduction * Part One: Classic Models * Chapter 1 - Classical Democracy: Athens * Political ideas and aims * Institutional features * The exclusivity of an ancient democracy * The critics * In sum: Model I * Chapter 2 - Republicanism: Liberty, Self-Government and the Active Citizen * The eclipse and re-emergence of homo politicus * The reforging of republicanism * Republicanism, elective government and popular sovereignty * From civic life to civic glory * In sum: Model IIa * The republic and the general will * In sum: model IIb * The public and the private * Chapter 3 - The Development of Liberal Democracy: For and Against the State * Power and Sovereignty * Citizenship and the Constitutional State * Separation of Powers * The problem of factions * Accountability and Markets * In sum: model IIIa * Liberty and the development of democracy * The dangers of despotic power and an overgrown state * Representative government * The subordination of women * Competing conceptions of the 'ends of government' * In sum: Model IIIb * Chapter 4 - Direct Democracy and the End of Politics * Class and class conflict * History as evolution and the development of captialism * Two theories of the state * The end of politics * Competing conceptions of Marxism * Part Two: Variants from the Twentieth Century * Chapter 5 - Competitive ELitism and the Technocratic Vision * Classes, power and conflict * Bureaucracy, parliaments and nation-states * Competitive elitist democracy * Liberal democracy at the crossroads * The last vestige of democracy? * Democracy, capitalism and socialism *'Classical' v. modern democracy * A technocratic vision * In sum: model V * Chapter 6 - Pluralism, Corporate Capitalism and the State * Group politics, government and power * Politics, consensus and the distribution of power * Democracy, corporate capitalism and the state * In sum: Model VI * Accumulation, legitimation and the restricted sphere of the political * The changing form of representative institutions * Chapter 7 - From Post-War Stability to Political Crisis: The Polarization of Political Ideas * A legitimate democratic order or a repressive regime? * Overloaded state or legitimation crisis? * Crisis theories: an assessment * Law, liberty and democracy * In sum: model VII * Participation, liberty and democracy * In sum: model VII * Chapter 8 - Democracy after Soviet Communism * The historical backdrop * The triumph of economic and political liberalism * The renewed necessity of Marxism and democracy from 'below'? * Chapter 9 - Deliberative Democracy and the Defence of the Public Realm * Reason and Participation * The limits of democratic theory * The aims of deliberative democracy * What is sound about public reasoning? Impartialism and it's critics * Institutions of deliberative democracy * Value pluralism and democracy * In sum: Model IX * Part Three: What Should Democracy Mean Today? * Chapter 10 - Democratic Autonomy * The appeal of democracy * The principle of autonomy * Enacting the principle * The heritage of classic and twentieth-century democratic theory * Democracy: A double-sided process * Democratic autonomy: compatibilities and incompatibilities * In sum: Model Xa * Chapter 11 - Democracy, the Nation-State and the Global System * Democratic legitimacy and borders * Regional and global flows: old and new * Sovereignty, autonomy and disjunctures * Rethinking democracy for a more global age: the cosmopolitan model * In sum: model Xb * Acknowledgements * References and Select Bibliography * Index