The Kemp and Young series is designed to provide an introduction to the topic covered that will be suitable and useful for both those who are newly at sea and those whose practical experience is limited to narrow areas and wish to expand their knowledge. The concise presentation of the subject matter is made possible by the reduction of the work to its simplest terms. This is generally achieved through the omission of unnecessary mathematics or mathematical concepts, and the generous use of diagrams and illustrations. Where appropriate, worked examples are used to reiterate the points being made in the text and will be found useful in furthering the reader's knowledge of the subject and familiarity with the contents. Rapid reference to the substance of each topic can be made by use of a carefully constructed index.