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Structure and bonding in organic molecules; alkanes - molecules lacking functional groups; the reactions of alkanes - pyrolysis and dissociation energies, combustion and heat content, free-radical halogenation, and relative reactivity; cyclic alkanes; stereoisomerism; the properties and reactions of haloalkanes - bimolecular nucleophilic substitution; further reactions of haloalkanes - unimolecular substitution and pathways of elimination; the formation of the hydroxy functional group - properties of the alcohols and synthetic strategy in their preparation; the reactions of alcohols and the chemistry of ethers; the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to deduce structure; alkenes - hydrocarbons contains double bonds; the reactions of alkenes; alkynes - the carbon - carbon triple bond; delocalized Pi systems and their investigation by ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy; aldehydes and ketones - the carbonyl group; enols and enones - a. B-unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones; carboxylic acids and infrared spectroscopy; carboxylic acid derivatives and mass spectroscopy; the special stability of the cyclic electron sextet - benzene and electrophilic aromatic substitution; electrophilic and nucleophilic attack on derivatives of benzene - substituents control regioselectivity; amines and their derivatives - new functional groups containing nitrogen; difunctional compounds; carbodrates - polyfunctional compounds in nature; substituted benzenes; polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons and other cyclic polyenes; heterocycles - heteroatoms in cyclic organic compounds; amino acids, peptides, and proteins - nitrogen-containing monomers and polymers in nature.