CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF VERB TENSES
1-1 The Simple Tenses
1-2 The Progressive Tenses
1-3 The Perfect Tenses
1-4 The Perfect Progressive Tenses
1-5 Summary Chart of Verb Tenses
1-6 Spelling of -ing and -ed Forms
CHAPTER 2 PRESENT AND PAST, SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE
2-1 Simple Present
2-2 Present Progressive
2-3 Stative Verbs
2-4 am/is/are being + Adjective
2-5 Regular and Irregular Verbs
2-6 Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings
2-7 Irregular Verbs: An Alphabetical List
2-8 Troublesome Verbs: raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie
2-9 Simple Past
2-10 Past Progressive
2-11 Using Progressive Verbs with always to Complain
2-12 Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Verbs
CHAPTER 3 PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
3-1 Present Perfect
3-2 Present Perfect Progressive
3-3 Past Perfect
3-4 Past Perfect Progressive
CHAPTER 4 FUTURE TIME
4-1 Simple Future: will and be going to
4-2 will vs.be going to
4-3 Expressing the Future in Time Clauses
4-4 Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time
4-5 Future Progressive
4-6 Future Perfect
4-7 Future Perfect Progressive
CHAPTER 5 ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME AND REVIEW OF VERB TENSES
5-1 Adverb Clauses of Time: Form
5-2 Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships
CHAPTER 6 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
6-1 Final -s/-es Use, Pronunciation, and Spelling
6-2 Basic Subject-Verb Agreement
6-3 Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity
6-4 Subject-Verb Agreement: Using there + be
6-5 Subject-Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities
CHAPTER 7 NOUNS
7-1 Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns
7-2 Possessive Nouns
7-3 Using Nouns as Modifiers
7-4 Count and Noncount Nouns
7-5 Noncount Nouns
7-6 Some Common Noncount Nouns
7-7 Basic Article Usage
7-8 General Guidelines For Article Usage
7-9 Expressions of Quantity
7-10 Using a few and few; a little and little
7-11 Using of in Expressions of Quantity
7-12 all (of) and both (of)
7-13 Singular Expressions of Quantity: one, each, every
CHAPTER 8 PRONOUNS
8-1 Personal Pronouns
8-2 Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns
8-3 Personal Pronouns:
Agreement With Collective Nouns
8-4 Reflexive Pronouns
8-5 Using you, one, and they as Impersonal Pronouns
8-6 Forms of other
8-7 Common Expressions with other
CHAPTER 9 MODALS, PART 1
9-1 Introduction
9-2 Polite Questions with I as the Subject
9-3 Polite Questions with you as the Subject
9-4 Polite Requests with would you mind
9-5 Expressing Necessity: must, have to, have got to
9-6 Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: have to and must in the Negative
9-7 Advisability: should, ought to, had better
9-8 The Past Form of should
9-9 Expectations: be supposed to
9-10 Making Suggestions: let's, why don't, shall we
9-11 Making Suggestions: could vs. should
CHAPTER 10 MODALS, PART 2
10-1 Degrees of Certainty: Present Time
10-2 Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative
10-3 Degrees of Certainty: Past Time
10-4 Degrees of Certainty: Future Time
10-5 Progressive Forms of Modals
10-6 Ability: can and could
10-7 Using would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past
10-8 Expressing Preference: would rather
10-9 Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals
10-10 Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions
CHAPTER 11 THE PASSIVE
11-1 Forming the Passive
11-2 Using the Passive
11-3 Indirect Objects Used as Passive Subjects
11-4 The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals
11-5 Stative Passive
11-6 Common Stative Passive Verbs + Prepositions
11-7 The Passive with get
11-8 Participial Adjectives
CHAPTER 12 NOUN CLAUSES
12-1 Introduction
12-2 Noun Clauses Beginning with a Question Word
12-3 Noun Clauses Beginning with whether or if
12-4 Question Words Followed by Infinitives
12-5 Noun Clauses Beginning with that
12-6 Quoted Speech
12-7 Reported Speech: Verb Forms in Noun Clauses
12-8 Using The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses
12-9 Using -ever Words
CHAPTER 13 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
13-1 Introduction
13-2 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject
13-3 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb
13-4 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition
13-5 Usual Patterns of Adjective Clauses
13-6 Using whose
13-7 Using where in Adjective Clauses
13-8 Using when in Adjective Clauses
13-9 Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns
13-10 Punctuating Adjective Clauses
13-11 Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses
13-12 Using Noun + of which
13-13 Using which to Modify a Whole Sentence
13-14 Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases: Introduction
13-15 Changing an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase
CHAPTER 14 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1
14-1 Gerunds: Introduction
14-2 Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions
14-3 Common Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds
14-4 Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds
14-5 go + Gerund
14-6 Special Expressions Followed by -ing
14-7 Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives
14-8 Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds
14-9 Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds
14-10 Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives
14-11 it + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects
CHAPTER 15 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 2
15-1 Infinitive of Purpose: in order to
15-2 Adjectives Followed by Infinitives
15-3 Using Infinitives With too and enough
15-4 Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds
15-5 Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following need
15-6 Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund
15-7 Using Verbs of Perception
15-8 Using the Simple Form after let and help
15-9 Using Causative Verbs: make, have, get
CHAPTER 16 COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
16-1 Parallel Structure
16-2 Using Paired Conjunctions: both . . . and; not only . . . but also; either . . . or; neither . . . nor
16-3 Combining Independent Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions
CHAPTER 17 ADVERB CLAUSES
17-1 Introduction
17-2 Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect
17-3 Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using even though
17-4 Showing Direct Contrast: while and whereas
17-5 Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: if-Clauses
17-6 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using whether or not and even if
17-7 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using in case and in the event that
17-8 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using unless
17-9 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using only if
CHAPTER 18 REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
18-1 Introduction
18-2 Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases
18-3 Expressing The Idea of During The Same Time in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
18-4 Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
18-5 Using upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
CHAPTER 19 CONNECTIVES THAT EXPRESS CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST. AND CONDITION
19-1 Using because of and due to
19-2 Using Transitions to Show Cause and Effect: therefore and consequently
19-3 Summary of Patterns and Punctuation
19-4 Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: such . . . that and so . . . that
19-5 Expressing Purpose: Using so that
19-6 Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result)
19-7 Showing Direct Contrast
19-8 Expressing Conditions: Using otherwise and or (else)
19-9 Summary of Connectives: Cause and Effect, Contrast, Condition
Chapter 20 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES
20-1 Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences
20-2 True in the Present or Future
20-3 Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future
20-4 Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Past
20-5 Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences
20-6 Using Mixed Time in Conditional Sentences
20-7 Omitting if
20-8 Implied Conditions
20-9 Using as if / as though
20-10 Verb Forms Following wish
20-11 Using would to Make Wishes about the Future
APPENDIX: SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR UNITS
Unit A: Basic Grammar Terminology
A-1 Subjects, Verbs, and Objects
A-2 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
A-3 Adjectives
A-4 Adverbs
A-5 The Verb be
A-6 Linking Verbs
Unit B: Questions
B-1 Forms of Yes/No and Information Questions
B-2 Question Words
B-3 Shortened Yes/No Questions
B-4 Negative Questions
B-5 Tag Questions
Unit C: Contractions
Unit D: Negatives
D-1 Using not and Other Negative Words
D-2 Avoiding Double Negatives
D-3 Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word
Unit E: Preposition Combinations
E Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs
Unit F: Connectives to Give Examples and to Continue an Idea
F-1 Connectives to Give Examples
F-2 Connectives to Continue the Same Idea
Unit G: Verb Form Review Exercises
