Chapter One ..............................................................................................................................................Introduction...............................................................................................................................The abolition of capital punishment and the growth of the long life sentence ...............................The 'tariff' system for life-sentenced prisoners ................................................................................The Criminal Justice Act 2003 (Schedule 21).....................................................................................The up-tariffing of 'knife homicides' and the rise of 'joint enterprise' .............................................Defining 'long-term' imprisonment...................................................................................................Understanding long-term imprisonment ..........................................................................................The impact of long-term imprisonment ............................................................................................Long-term imprisonment from young adulthood .............................................................................
Chapter Two ..............................................................................................................................................Methods ....................................................................................................................................Research design .................................................................................................................................Access ................................................................................................................................................Ethics..................................................................................................................................................Interviews ..........................................................................................................................................Interview sample ..........................................................................................................................Surveys............................................................................................................................................... Development of the survey instrument .......................................................................................Conducting team research ................................................................................................................The research process .........................................................................................................................Interviewing women .....................................................................................................................Analysis ..............................................................................................................................................Interview analysis .........................................................................................................................Survey analysis..............................................................................................................................Methodological issues .......................................................................................................................
Chapter Three............................................................................................................................................Pen portraits .............................................................................................................................. Seb, 20s, early-stage ..........................................................................................................................Gail, late-stage ...................................................................................................................................Campbell, 30s, mid-stage ..................................................................................................................Deena, 20s, mid-stage .......................................................................................................................Richard, 50s, post-tariff .....................................................................................................................Mahmood, 30s, mid-stage.................................................................................................................
Chapter Four..............................................................................................................................................The early years ......................................................................................................................................Being 'in shock': acute stress reactions to conviction, sentencing and initial incarceration ............ Post-conviction: the initial pains of long indeterminate sentences.................................................. Existential dislocation and biographical rupture...............................................................................The affective dimensions of long indeterminate sentences ............................................................. Anger.............................................................................................................................................Surviving the early stage....................................................................................................................Suppression ..................................................................................................................................Escape ...........................................................................................................................................'Jailing' ..........................................................................................................................................Sublimation ...................................................................................................................................Concluding comments: 'you just cope; you've got no other choice' ................................................
Chapter Five...............................................................................................................................................Coping and Adaptation .........................................................................................................................Stasis and survival ..............................................................................................................................'Coming to terms' ..............................................................................................................................'Settling down' and moving on: precipitating factors ....................................................................... Discourses of adaptation ...................................................................................................................Control ...............................................................................................................................................Hope, meaning and purposeHope, meaning, purpose and coping: faith and educationCoping, faith and educationDoing time, authority and compliance ..............................................................................................Enduring and emergent problems.....................................................................................................Projects and concerns........................................................................................................................Discussion ..........................................................................................................................................
Chapter Six.................................................................................................................................................Social relations ......................................................................................................................................Dislocation of social world - natal and nuclear family......................................................................The rupturing of intimate relationships .......................................................................................Estrangement from family ............................................................................................................Worries about family .........................................................................................................................Impact on family members' psychological and physical wellbeing.............................................. Impact on family life .....................................................................................................................Repercussions for family ..............................................................................................................Compromised role identities .............................................................................................................Male prisoners as sons .................................................................................................................Women as mothers ......................................................................................................................Dislocation from social world - peers ................................................................................................Reforming a social world in prison ....................................................................................................Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................
Chapter Seven ...........................................................................................................................................Identity and the self ..............................................................................................................................Dislocation from the self ...................................................................................................................Social dislocation and self-identity ....................................................................................................Environmental demands...............................................................................................................Self-reconstruction (i): implications of the offence for identity........................................................Self-reconstruction (ii): making sense of the changing self............................................................... The ethical self ............................................................................................................................Post-traumatic growth and the 'stronger, better self' ................................................................. The more mature self ...................................................................................................................Finding the 'real me': The developed authentic self ........................................................................
Chapter Eight.............................................................................................................................................Time and place ......................................................................................................................................Temporal vertigo ...............................................................................................................................Living 'day-by-day' .............................................................................................................................Time strategies ..................................................................................................................................The experience of time ...................................................................................................................... The prison as a non-place ..................................................................................................................
Time strategies II ...............................................................................................................................Contextual maturity...........................................................................................................................Time and release................................................................................................................................Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................
Chapter Nine .............................................................................................................................................Discussion ..............................................................................................................................................
