1 Reef Lime Constructions.- 1.1 Geological History, Features of Geomorphology.- 1.2 Biological Factors of Formation and Erosion.- 1.3 Bottom Sediments.- 2 Reef Environments.- 2.1 Hydrodynamics and Thermohaline Features of Reef Waters.- 2.2 Nutrients.- 2.2.1 Ambient Concentration in Waters.- 2.2.2 Mechanisms of External Input of Nutrients.- 2.2.3 Nitrogen Fixation.- 2.2.4 Dynamics of Nutrients.- 2.2.5 Conclusion.- 2.3 Organic Matter in Reef Waters.- 3 Plankton in Coral-Reef Waters.- 3.1 Bacterioplankton.- 3.1.1 Biomass and Production.- 3.1.2 Bacteria as Food for Coral Reef Animals.- 3.1.3 Luminescent Bacteria.- 3.2 Phytoplankton.- 3.2.1 Taxonomy.- 3.2.2 Biomass, Production, Chlorophyll.- 3.3 Zooplankton.- 3.3.1 Mesozooplankton.- 3.3.2 Microzooplankton.- 3.3.3 Conclusion.- 4 Benthic Microflora, Periphyton and Plant Associations.- 4.1 Bacteria and Microalgae in Reef Bottom Sediments.- 4.2 Periphytonic Overgrowth.- 4.3 Bottom Plant Associations.- 4.3.1 Composition of Reef Plant Associations.- 4.3.2 Zonal Distribution, Phytocenes Composition.- 4.3.3 Biomass, Metabolism, Features of Ecology.- 5 Reef Zoobenthos.- 5.1 Molluscs.- 5.1.1 Gastropods.- 5.1.2 Bivalves.- 5.1.3 Tridacnids and Their Symbiosis with Algae.- 5.1.4 Boring Clams.- 5.1.5 Community Structure, Roles in Reef Ecosystems.- 5.2 Sponges.- 5.2.1 Features of Morphology and Physiology; Symbiosis.- 5.2.2 Community Structure and Features of Ecology.- 5.2.3 Boring Sponges.- 5.3 Wormlike Animals.- 5.4 Benthic Crustaceans.- 5.4.1 Community Structure.- 5.4.2 Symbiosis in Reef Crustaceans.- 5.5 Reef Echinoderms.- 5.5.1 Sea Urchins.- 5.5.2 Sea Stars.- 5.5.3 Brittle Stars.- 5.5.4 Crinoids.- 5.5.5 Holothurians.- 5.6 Tunicates.- 5.7 Bryozoans.- 5.8 Foraminifera and Other Benthic Protozoa.- 5.9 Insects.- 5.10 Distribution, Communities Structure and Abundance.- 6 Coral Reef Fish.- 6.1 Introduction, Diversity, Taxonomy.- 6.2 Communities Structure, Abundance, Distribution.- 6.3 Feeding of Reef Fish.- 6.3.1 Herbivorous Reef Fish.- 6.3.2 Planktnovorous Fish.- 6.3.3 Benthovore and Piscivore Fish.- 6.4 Aspects of Behaviour.- 6.5 Propagation of Reef Fish.- 6.6 Conclusion.- 7 Communities of Corals in Reef Ecosystems.- 7.1 Coral Communities: Composition and Formation.- 7.1.1 Scleractinian Corals.- 7.1.2 Zoantharians and Octocorals.- 7.2 Communities Structure of Reef Corals.- 7.2.1 General Considerations.- 7.2.2 Communities of Scleractinian Corals.- 7.2.3 Zoantharians and Octocorals in Coral Communities.- 7.3 Factors Controlling Coral Community Structure.- 7.4 Reproduction of Corals.- 8 Morphology and Ecological Physiology of Corals.- 8.1 Features of Ecological Morphology.- 8.2 Biomass of Living Tissues.- 8.3 Ecological and Physiological Aspects of Endosymbiosis.- 8.4 Ecological Physiology of Photosynthesis in Corals.- 8.5 Ecological Biochemistry of Corals.- 9 Nutrition of Corals.- 9.1 Autotrophic Feeding of Corals.- 9.2 Heterotrophic Feeding of Corals.- 9.2.1 Feeding of Scleractinian Corals.- 9.2.2 Feeding of Zoantharia, Antipatharia, Ceriantharia and Octocorals.- 9.3 Energy Balance and Specific Growth Rate of Corals.- 10 Biogeochemical Metabolism and Energy Flows in Reef Ecosystems.- 10.1 Biogeochemical Metabolism of Organic Matter.- 10.2 Biogeochemical Metabolism of Other Elements.- 10.3 Model Studies and Energy Budget in Reef Ecosystems.- 11 Destruction and Recovery of Reef Systems, Reef and Man.- 11.1 The Acanthaster Problem.- 11.2 Destruction of Corals by Physical Stress.- 11.3 Coral Diseases.- 11.4 Anthropogenic Impacts.- 11.5 Reef Fishery.- 11.6 Problems of Monitoring and Rational Use of Reef Resources.- 11.7 Protection, Monitoring and Rational Use of Resources; Artificial Reefs.- References.
