As scenery and places of recreation, parks are a vital part of our well-being. Their existence is almost taken for granted, yet they are often threatened as they suffer from pressures applied by conflicting interests. The English Park: Royal, Private and Public follows their long history and makes a case for the continued care of this tradition both in the preservation of existing parks and the creation of new ones in our cities. Parks have been an inseparable part of British lifestyle for nearly a thousand years. Sir Francis Bacon wrote that "Nothing so refreshes a man's spirit as a garden. Buildings and Palaces without a garden are but Grosse Handy-works." For visitors to Britain, the English park is a delight, be it a refreshing oasis in the middle of London or the large, formal garden of a great country house set in the middle of an emerald forest. In this beautifully illustrated book, the first major study of the subject, we see the development of the park from ancient times until the present day. In classical Greece, parks were generally gymnasia, and in the early middle ages a sort of auxiliary farm where fish were grown in ponds and game husbanded for the chase. By the late middle ages hunting had become a highly ritualized sport, closely linked with chivalry, and solemn pageants were acted out on the meadows and in forests. In the sixteenth century, after the Tudors brought relative peace to the greater part of England, the rich, landed aristocracy started building magnificent places - Hampton Court, Longleat, Penshurst Place, Richmond Palace - and first conceived of the park as an embellishment to architecture. Walks became a major feature of gardens and parks, as exercise andthe contemplation of nature were added to the joys of the chase. Thanks to Le Notres formal and ceremonial garden at Versailles, by the late 17th century waterworks and follies attempted to subdue nature by art and the garden and park competed with the palace as an expression of